Feminism and Constructivism A Comparison - 2645 Words

The discipline of international relations (IR) is one that has witnessed a multitude of variations and shifts. It has produced a fair amount of debate between academics within the international relations scholarship. Due to a plethora of circumstances scholars have subjected the traditional rationalist theories of neorealism and neoliberalism to critical re-evaluations. As a result, constructivism is a concept that has emerged as an alternative approach to dominant IR theories. It focuses on the importance of state identities in defining and gaining knowledge of state interests, actions and goals. There are theorists who purport that the rise of constructivism allows for a further understanding of another international theory, feminism.†¦show more content†¦An individuals social location - meaning their ascribed identities, roles and relationships - are of central significance to feminists as it influences the power one possesses, which in traditional IR theory is gendered a nd patriarchical. According to Christine Sylvester, these scholars suggest that conventional IR has avoided thinking of men and women in the capacity of embodied and socially constituted subject categories by classifying them into neutral categories . Most theorists too readily accept that women are located inside the typically separate sphere of domestic life and ...retreating to abstractions, i.e. the state, that mask a masculine identity. Feminist analysts are suspicious of ungendered IR texts and champion for their subversion while many seek to implement replacement theories. These theorists contend that identity, gender, and indeed women, are social constructs. Key feminist conceptions include liberal ideas of womens equality, socialist conceptions of a sexual division of labour and the Freudian suggestion that identities are produced, often within the evolution of patriarchy . Many academics share the assumption that the world would be less competitive and less violent if wome n gained dominance in positions of power . The focus of this discussion is based on the premise that there are overlapping terrains in feminism and constructivism. They share ontological commitments leading to a commonShow MoreRelatedInternational Organizations And The Humanitarian Efforts Of The United Nations2063 Words   |  9 Pagesover three billion people struggle to survive on less than two dollars a day. And, almost one billion struggle to survive on less than one dollar a day (Weiss, et al 257). Although, this seems like a calamitous statistic, it is an improvement in comparison to the levels of poverty that existed before human right and humanitarian organizations intervened. For example, according to the World Bank, between the years 1999to 2010, the poverty level in Sub-Saharan Africa has decreased from 58% to 48%. AndRead MoreGrounded Theory And The Constructivist Theory3377 Words   |  14 Pagesthrough a constructivist lens. Constructivism Constructivism is an epistemological stance that views all knowledge as constructed through human experience (Charmaz, 2014; Crotty, 1998). Instead of discovering existing knowledge, knowledge is created by human beings as they interact with the world around them (Crotty, 1998). This knowledge is constructed and transmitted within a social context, thus understanding the social context is essential (Crotty, 1998). Constructivism reflects the concept of intentionalityRead MoreHuman Rights And The International System1841 Words   |  8 Pagesare viewed in the international system, we can now look at some prominent theoretical perspectives used in the field of International Relations. Realism, Liberalism, Economic Structuralism (a.k.a. Marxism/Radical Theory), Utilitarianism, Constructivism, and Feminism are the most commonly used base-level theoretical perspectives in International Relations. Theories are not perfect cure-alls, providing black and white answers for anything and everything they dwell in. Instead, they are tools, providingRead MoreReforming, Transforming and Conforming Essay3445 Words   |  14 PagesIn this essay I will discuss the comparisons and differences of the three models of theory and learning as identified by MacNaughton, Conforming, Reforming and Transforming (MacNaughton, 2003). This essay will look at how these theories are explained and can be applied individually or together within the learning pedagogy. My discussion will be of a reflective nature and include how I have understood these three models in relation to the early childhood learning environment and how I may relateRead MoreTechnical Obsession And Modernity Of Cinematic Reception5738 Words   |  23 Pagespresenting a new form of cinema, ?founded on its total separation from the language of theatre and literature.? The series of instructions excerpt from Vertov?s diary about this film[footnoteRef:6]. Post-revolution, futurist aesthetics evolved to Constructivis m[footnoteRef:7], aiming to, ?secure the triumph of the Revolution,? while advocating arts with, ?immediate needs? (Feldman, 1979, p27). Vertov aimed to utilise his film to promote Lenin?s Bolshevik regime, with the analysis of post-revolution SovietRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 Pagesview of how science should be done, and is a broad term encompassing elements of epistemology, theory and philosophy, along with methods.1 Examples of general paradigms within social research are positivism, post-positivism, critical theory and constructivism. More detailed examples and classifications of paradigms are given by Guba and Lincoln (1994). Some writers use the term metatheory similarly, to describe ideas about conceptions of science: ‘Different thinkers, especially philosophers (of science)

Essay on How Does Advertising Work - 2588 Words

How Does Advertising Work? INTRODUCTION ------------ Definition  · The original definition of advertising was â€Å"to draw attention to something† or to notify or inform someone of something (Branston 1996).  · A modern definition is the publication (in various forms) of facts or opinions concerning goods or services, to awaken the public’s interest and persuade them to purchase.  · Advertising is now big business – an industry with extraordinary cultural and economic impact.  · This is funded through the cost of the goods that consumers buy.  · Advertising is now the media form most often encountered, and is perhaps the most powerful and pervasive form of propaganda in history.  · It is found in†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ · We can now examine what advertising actually does in greater detail. Advertising Communicates  · Firstly, advertising communicates.  · All advertisements attempt to â€Å"say† something to the consumer about the product or service which is being advertised.  · The advertiser hopes to positively influence our thinking in favour of their brand by presenting a message in their advertising.  · Advertisers hope that when the time has come for consumers to consider buying a product or service of that type, that the message contained in the advertising will influence us to look favourably upon that particular product, over others which may be available. Advertising is part of a wider Marketing Process  · However, advertising on its own doesn’t usually have the power to completely influence our decision to buy something.  · Advertising is used as part of a wider marketing process where other factors such as price and availability also exert an important influence.  · Therefore advertising has to work alongside the other aspects of marketing in an integrated fashion to communicate effectively with the consumer. Advertising Sells  · As already mentioned, the ultimate aim of advertising is to increase sales.  · It is expensive to develop an advertising campaign, soShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Television Advertising on Consumer Choices841 Words   |  3 Pages Since television advertising has become popular there has been a big dispute about how it impacts on consumers choices. An advertising is used to alert and boost a particular product or service to certain consumers. To identify the consumers they find out their needs and wants, and then enlighten them, through an advertising. It is a easy way to promote any type of product. Advertising is something that come on television, radios, and sports games. Television advertising come on televisionRead MoreThe Role of Advertising in Todays World1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthat advertisement performs today? What is advertising and communication in today’s world? Advertising bears the burden of building brands. What is brand building? How does advertising build a brand? By taking a simple product, what does advertising do to build it into a powerful brand and how does advertising do this? Let us first understand what is a brand. A brand is a consumer’s idea of a product. This is a quote from the doyen of advertising – David Ogilvy. Let us take a deeper lookRead MoreCreativity Makes Advertising Effective Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay aims at exploring the impact of creativity in advertising and how creative advertisements are more effective in communicating to a target audience. It looks at how creative ads have more impact and how consumers react when the message is delivered in a unique and new way. It particularly focuses on the value that a creative ad can imply for a brand or a product and how it can contribute to strengthen corporate brand image. How a creative ad can build consumer brand loyalty and changeRead MoreMy First Graphic Design Class934 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was a junior in high school, I took my first graphic design class. In this class we not only learned how to use graphic software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, we learned how to attract different audiences to certain products by learning what makes an advertisement appealing and aesthetically eye-catching. In one ass ignment, we had to create an advertisement that would effectively convince Amish farmers to buy iPad Minis. Assignments like these taught me to step outside of the box andRead MoreAdvertising Vs Society : Close Your Eyes Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesZuà ±iga1 Angela Zuà ±iga Advertising Assignment #1 September 8th 2016 Advertising VS Society Close your eyes. Think about a single commercial or ad that has caught your eye, made you look back or think twice; that one ad that echoed its catch phrase incessantly, and stirred feelings inside you. As you start to remember the sound of that catchy tune playing in its background, what exactly did it make you feel or think? Now ask yourself this, why is it still lingering in your subconsciousRead More alcohol and advertising Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol and Advertising Throughout the history of television, viewers have raised many questions about alcohol advertising. Does advertising influence alcohol consumption? Does it has an impact on alcohol abuse or alcohol related disease and death? How is advertising affecting us? The goal of this essay is to collect evidence, both theoretical and empirical, that would address the question of whether advertising affects in any measurable manner alcohol consumption and mortality from alcoholism andRead MoreFalse Advertising And Its Effect On Business1334 Words   |  6 PagesFalse Advertising False advertising is a growing trend among businesses in our economy and normal life. This trend includes directly trying to trick the consumers into thinking that they are getting something great but in reality they are getting nothing. All age groups are targeted by false advertising, it is just a matter of how smart of a consumer you are. Almost all companies are guilty of this crime. The biggest and major companies that are big into false advertising are weight loss programsRead MoreKid Kustomers- Advertising845 Words   |  4 Pagesof the word â€Å"advertising† does not look that bad. It is simply explained as â€Å"calling the attention of the public to a product or business.† However, the advertising companies usually abuse the real meaning of advertising and try to sell their product no matter what it takes to do so. It is very hard not to notice advertisement in today’s world. The commercials, the adds, the posters are everywhere; from TV, newspapers magazines and billboards to even a bus that is taking us to work everyday. AdvertisingRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Creative Without Strategy1586 Words   |  7 Pagesto Jef I. Richards quotes: â€Å"Creative without strategy is called â€Å"art†. Creative with strategy is called† advertising† This statement shows a discussion between two statements. Firstly, this essay will discuss about what is creativity and why is it important in advertising, the evidence and shows how and why the creative idea works or doesn’t work. What is the strategy? Refers to The Advertising Concept book (Barry 2008). Strategy refers to the overall marketing or selling approach† Strategy is everythingRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis of Heys Virtual Product Placement984 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest of the television and advertising industries to keep the balance between appropriate advertising and content. He uses evidence and examples of virtual advertising that relate to the audience as well as his well-educated tone of voice to make his claim, and ultimately succeeds in achieving his purpose of informing, while inciting fear of the possible future in the advertising market. This article talks about the two different kinds of product placement advertising, normal and virtual. Basically

narrative Free Essays

Narrative Free Essays I have is of when I went to Montreal, Canada, to visit my family on my dad’s side. It was around the first week of August of 2007, and was my first trip to Canada. Along with going to Montreal, Canada, we also went to Quebec City, Canada, the only city in North America that has stone walls bordering It. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now We flew In an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed In my dad’s brother’s home for the time that we were there. My uncle’s name Is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we et his daughter named Felicia, and his two twin sons named Tristan and Zachary. Once we were settled in In their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went shopping. We then went back home to eat the homemade spaghetti that Charles’ wife, Isabella, had made. After, we decided to have a fashion show for all of the kids of the clothes we had bought earlier that day. Later at night, all of the kids got together and slept in one room and played super Moral Brothers against each other on our Nintendo Deeds. During the next couple of days, my family and I also got the chance to explore Quebec City, Canada as well. I got to learn about the Chateau Forefront, a historic and popular hotel which opened in 1893, and the world’s most photographed hotel. Quebec City was also filled with fascinating centuries-old architecture and historic sites. While I was there, I saw horse-drawn carriages on the street, street entertainers, and artists working on the street. Also, Quebec City streets were filled with several stores and boutiques that I went to that were filled with souvenirs, paintings, and clothes. At night time, the city was filled with stringed lights, and it was one of the most picturesque places that I have ever seen. To conclude, going to Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, and visiting my relatives was the happiest memory that I have ever had. I treasured going there so much and meeting my family for the times we spent together, for the things I got to learn, and for the places I go to go to. I haven’t seen my relatives in Canada or been to Montreal or Quebec City since 2007. Although, this summer, I am going with my family to return there once again and to see my relatives for a long awaited seven year reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada In 2007, and I can’t Walt to make new memories this summer when I return! Narrative By peaches_n_cream it. We flew in an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed in my dad’s brother’s home for the time that we were there. My uncle’s name is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we Once we were settled in in their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went together and slept in one room and played Super Mario Brothers against each other reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada in 2007, and I can’t wait to make new How to cite Narrative, Essays Narrative Free Essays I was running late for school. My alarm clock didn’t go off so that causes me not to wake up on time. I’m rushing trying to get out of the house my class started at right o’ clock am. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am running down stair to get in my car. I’m in my car speeding trying to make it to school on time. All I could think of was I hope I don’t get caught speeding and get a ticket. I was almost at school didn’t realize I was in a school zone. Once I seen the sign I started to slow my vehicle down. I checked my surrounding didn’t see ant police around, out of nowhere I started to hear the ringing coming from a police car. Didn’t know he was coming for me as I pulled over in the parking lot on the side all I could think about me getting a speeding ticket. The office walked up to my car and asked for my driver’s license and insurance paper. He asked do you know why you were pulled over. I no but him and I know both know it was for speeding. The officer then asked where I was headed to; I told him to school he then walked back to him car. I’m just waiting and waiting to see what he’s going to do let me go or give me the ticket for speeding. Officer walks back to my vehicle. As I look up he has a pad that he’s writing on let me guess I’m getting a ticket for speeding. The office hands over the ticket and also asks me to sign on the dotted line. He then explains I was getting the ticket for speeding he said I was doing a 45 in a 35 school zone. Now I’m thinking how I am going to pay for this $150. 00 ticket. Now I’ thinking I have to do some work around the house or maybe even some baby sitting anything to help me pay for this ticket since I wasn’t working at the time. I’ve learned that I have to set my alarm clock the night before. Wake up on time when my alarm clock goes off. Also watch my surroundings at all times when driving on the roads so that wont get a speeding ticket that I can barley pay for. How to cite Narrative, Essays Narrative Free Essays When I was younger, my best friend was the child of a single mother. Cathy’s mom was a nice lady, but she spent a great deal of time telling Cathy about the things that she had missed out on by choosing to give birth instead of â€Å"getting rid† of the baby. As such, Cathy was very careful about her own sex life. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"You’re a smart girl. Don’t make the mistakes I did,† her mom would tell her, all the while insisting that she could talk to her about anything. Needless to say, Cathy didn’t believe her. Cathy also saw the things that she didn’t have because she was being raised by a single mother. It was more than just not having a dad to take to school events. It was having to cook her own dinner, and dinner for her mother, each night because her mother worked until 6 p.m. She heard her mother complain about the long days and the loneliness. She heard her mother, usually when she was having coffee with another adult and thought Cathy wasn’t around, talk about the sacrifices she had made for her child. She heard her mother talk about not having an adult to talk to and not buying things she needed, like new clothing, because she had to buy for Cathy first. Cathy heard everything her mother said, and didn’t say, about being a single mother and resolved not to do the same. Cathy remained a virgin until well after she graduated from high school, but when she decided to become sexually active, she did not go to the doctor to get birth control.   When I asked her about it, she turned red and stuttered. â€Å"My mom would find out and she would be disappointed in me,† she said.   Her mother’s constant nagging had convinced her that good girls didn’t use birth control. They were smart and abstained from sex. Cathy used condoms, sometimes, but she argued that too made her feel â€Å"trampy†. So most of the time, she did not use birth control.   She went to college and got a good job and then met the man of her dreams. Within a year they were living together and six months later, Cathy got pregnant. Her boyfriend was a great guy, but he was still in college and didn’t want children yet. Cathy thought about abortion, but decided that she could never have an abortion because, after all, her mother had sacrificed so much to keep her. So, she talked with her boyfriend and fought with her boyfriend and explained her dilemma to him.   It was unfair to a child to make it grow up with just one parent, she argued, and he argued that he wasn’t ready to be a parent. Her mom called when she found out Cathy was pregnant and began laying on the guilt again. â€Å"I raised you alone and you turned out all right. You can raise your child too. Look how much more accomplished you are and more ready for it you are than I ever was,† her mom said. Maybe if she hadn’t heard her mom so clearly when she was younger, Cathy might have agreed. But she remembered her mom’s lamenting that she had lost the love of her life to raise her daughter and Cathy decided that she would never place that burden on her own child. She was crying the day she told me that she had made a decision. She and her boyfriend went together to a social service agency and looked through their family album of potential adoptive parents. They read the letters from people seeking to adopt a child and looked at their pictures. She said they finally chose a couple with nice smiles who looked fit and healthy. One was a soldier; his wife was a German immigrant. They couldn’t have children of their own. Cathy said they already had a nursery decorated with teddy bears and seemed perfect. So, they asked the social worker to set up the meeting. She had questions when she first met them. As a soldier, would he be deployed often? If the adoptive mother was German, would they raise the child bi-lingual?   Would they explain to the baby that is birth parents loved him, but were not ready to have a child? When she was satisfied with the answers, Cathy and her boyfriend decided that the soldier and his wife were perfect adoptive parents. Her mother never understood, complaining that she was deprived of her grandson. Cathy tried to explain to her that she believed that her son deserved two parents. Her mother argued that Cathy chose a man over her child.   Cathy screamed with anger finally then, telling her mother, â€Å"No, I simply didn’t want to do to my child what you did to me!† I saw Cathy and her husband the other day. They were smiling and talking about the soldier and his wife. Their son, Kevin, was growing like a weed and the soldier and his wife had sent pictures and a video for Cathy. As she and her husband stood there hand in hand talking about Kevin, I knew she was comfortable with her decision. Because her mother had been so adamant about not putting herself in the position that she was in, Cathy chose not to raise her son. Instead, she and her future husband chose to do what was best for the boy.   They know that he will know they loved him and selected his parents carefully to guarantee as much as they could that he had everything he could want or need including two parents. How to cite Narrative, Essays Narrative Free Essays It was the summer of 2007, and my parents thought that it would be a brilliant idea to go on a family road trip to some unknown location. This was the summer before I started high school and I wasn’t in the family bonding mood for a day let alone two weeks. With me being an only child, grandchild, and great grandchild, I was the only kid with five adults in a minivan. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why my parents thought that this was a good idea is still beyond my imagination. The trip started off like any other hectic family vacation, full of last minute packing and arguing. None of us had any idea as to where we would end up, but as I was told repeatedly, it was all part of the adventure. We got about three hours in, and what happens? We get in an accident. Not just an accident, a wreck. The whole front of the van was smashed in. After all of the paperwork was filled out and the car was towed off, we had to get a rental. The rental car really wasn’t that bad. It was a Cadillac Escalade, but the only pain was having to unload and then reload our luggage into the SUV. We eventually just stayed the night about an hour out from where the accident had occurred. We all figured that after something ridiculous like wreck happens, our trip could only go up. The next few days would show us that we were sadly mistaken. The next morning, we woke up at the crack of dawn to get on the road. I fell asleep in the car and when I woke up, we were in Richmond, VA. We all thought that it would be a good time to stop for lunch, so we did. It was a small fish house on the outskirts of Richmond and it had the best corn chowder on the planet. Half way through lunch, my mother decides that she would like to go look outside. Now, I come from a background of rather ungraceful and uncoordinated people. My mother just so happens to be the worst of us all. As she stands, she seems to take the entire tablecloth with her as well as our food. This then dumps our entire lunch on everyone but her. This still is not the last of the misfortunate events to occur on this fun family adventure. We finally arrived a few days later to our surprise location of Rye, NH. It was a very small quaint town on the east side of Portsmouth. We ended up renting a condo that overlooked the Atlantic and it was absolutely beautiful. That night, we decided to go out and look around this serene location which we had stopped at. Come to find out, there really wasn’t much to Rye so we traveled down to Portsmouth. We ate dinner, went shopping, got ice cream and finally arrived back at our condo around ten. The best part about that night? The fact that no one remembered there key thinking that surely someone else would bring theirs. Every locksmith in town was closed so we ended up sleeping in the Escalade. The family adventure of ‘07 turned out to be so much more than what any of us had bargained for. Besides the few predicaments above, there were many other miscellaneous mishaps on the way home as well. However, as crazy as that trip may have been, I had more fun on that vacation than any other. It was definitely the most memorable and through all of that, we grew a thousand times closer. I wouldn’t have traded that summer for anything. How to cite Narrative, Essays