Single Displacement or Substitution Reaction

Single Displacement or Substitution Reaction A solitary removal response or replacement response is a typical and significant kind of synthetic response. A replacement or single dislodging response is portrayed by one component being uprooted from a compound by another element.A BC â†' AC B A solitary removal response is a particular kind of oxidation-decrease response. A component or particle is supplanted by another in a compound. Single Displacement Reaction Examples A case of a replacement response happens when zinc joins with hydrochloric corrosive. The zinc replaces the hydrogen:Zn 2 HCl â†' ZnCl2 H2 Here is another case of a solitary removal response: 3 AgNO3 (aq) Al (s) â†' Al(NO3)3 (aq) 3 Ag (s) Step by step instructions to Recognize a Substitution Reaction You can perceive this kind of response by searching for an exchange between one cation or anion in a compound with an unadulterated substance in the reactants side of the condition, shaping another compound in the items side of the response. Assuming, notwithstanding, two mixes seem to exchange accomplices, at that point youre taking a gander at a twofold relocation response instead of a solitary removal.

International stratigic marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Global stratigic showcasing - Essay Example t force the estimations of displaced people onto another culture, then again, the subsequent standpoint is universalist essentially which asserts that morals are actualized anyplace and wherever on the planet. Thus, the Universalist methodology depends on mental just as financial ground. Subsequently, so as to determine both the viewpoints, it is desirable over endeavor the appreciation of the social imperatives that are fit for recognizing home just as overseas’ discernments to the different structures and features of pay off, which additionally adds to the primary measure in the alteration. Following that is the second step which is the advancement of a global or nearby set of principles which empowers flexibility inside the ancient region. A definitive outcome could be an advancing code which obliges numerous parameters of pay off for each nation’s current circumstance, in a way that is assuagement between the moral, mental and monetary estimations of an emigrantâ₠¬â„¢s business foundation and of the local experts (Perry, 1992). Worldwide promoting is complicated for the sole explanation that remote environs are not at all like the home environs, for example, they differ on physical, moral, lawful, financial, distributive and serious parameters (Ball and McCulloch, 1996). Because of these environs, it is workable for advertisers to oblige sections of the showcasing blend for each outside nation or part. For example, an association may will in general change its bundling, commercials and dissemination directs in every one of its worldwide markets which are not exceptionally hard to get acclimated with. As Armstrong et al cited, such issues of showcasing blend are not simply the ones defying universal

Benefits of a Paper Planner

Benefits of a Paper Planner Hi guys! I’m sorry I’ve been so MIA lately…Midterms are something new for me since I’m a freshman so I’ve been dedicating a lot of my time toward studying. This post will be shorter than normal, but I hope it’s still a helpful read. Today, I’m going to be talking about my all-time favorite school supply: my planner! I’m just going to start by saying that my planner is probably the one thing that I have nearby at all times. It basically holds my life together in one cute little book… Now, I know what you might be thinking: Why would I want to carry around a paper planner if I can just use my phone’s note section/calendar app? Here are some reasons why I think having a paper planner is much more beneficial than using an electronic version: Reason #1: Togetherness Everything you need to know is right at your fingertips in a cohesive unit. It’s easy to color code things with different colored pens, highlighters, etc. Reason #2: Physical Writing According to psychologists, writing things down is much better for retention. Plus, if you’re super creative (like me), writing things in your planner might even turn out to be a little fun. I usually doodle in my planner and write things in different colors so it makes my tasks seem less stressful. Reason #3: Crossing Out Crossing things off of a to-do list or crossing off entire days can be extremely relieving during stressful times (like midterm season). Reason #4: Long Term View What am I doing on October 2? Do I have finals? Any assignments due? Let me check my planner!” Professors and instructors will hand out a syllabus with most of the important dates on there. Writing these important dates down ahead of time will not only help you prepare, it’ll make sure there are no conflicting exams or meetings, etc. Reason #5: Adulting Being so organized really makes you appear like an actual, functioning adult…(even if you may not feel like one all the time). Nisha Class of 2022 The first time I visited Illinois, I knew that it was the school for me! I am on the pre-med track, majoring in Psychology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Feminism and Constructivism A Comparison - 2645 Words

The discipline of international relations (IR) is one that has witnessed a multitude of variations and shifts. It has produced a fair amount of debate between academics within the international relations scholarship. Due to a plethora of circumstances scholars have subjected the traditional rationalist theories of neorealism and neoliberalism to critical re-evaluations. As a result, constructivism is a concept that has emerged as an alternative approach to dominant IR theories. It focuses on the importance of state identities in defining and gaining knowledge of state interests, actions and goals. There are theorists who purport that the rise of constructivism allows for a further understanding of another international theory, feminism.†¦show more content†¦An individuals social location - meaning their ascribed identities, roles and relationships - are of central significance to feminists as it influences the power one possesses, which in traditional IR theory is gendered a nd patriarchical. According to Christine Sylvester, these scholars suggest that conventional IR has avoided thinking of men and women in the capacity of embodied and socially constituted subject categories by classifying them into neutral categories . Most theorists too readily accept that women are located inside the typically separate sphere of domestic life and ...retreating to abstractions, i.e. the state, that mask a masculine identity. Feminist analysts are suspicious of ungendered IR texts and champion for their subversion while many seek to implement replacement theories. These theorists contend that identity, gender, and indeed women, are social constructs. Key feminist conceptions include liberal ideas of womens equality, socialist conceptions of a sexual division of labour and the Freudian suggestion that identities are produced, often within the evolution of patriarchy . Many academics share the assumption that the world would be less competitive and less violent if wome n gained dominance in positions of power . The focus of this discussion is based on the premise that there are overlapping terrains in feminism and constructivism. They share ontological commitments leading to a commonShow MoreRelatedInternational Organizations And The Humanitarian Efforts Of The United Nations2063 Words   |  9 Pagesover three billion people struggle to survive on less than two dollars a day. And, almost one billion struggle to survive on less than one dollar a day (Weiss, et al 257). Although, this seems like a calamitous statistic, it is an improvement in comparison to the levels of poverty that existed before human right and humanitarian organizations intervened. For example, according to the World Bank, between the years 1999to 2010, the poverty level in Sub-Saharan Africa has decreased from 58% to 48%. AndRead MoreGrounded Theory And The Constructivist Theory3377 Words   |  14 Pagesthrough a constructivist lens. Constructivism Constructivism is an epistemological stance that views all knowledge as constructed through human experience (Charmaz, 2014; Crotty, 1998). Instead of discovering existing knowledge, knowledge is created by human beings as they interact with the world around them (Crotty, 1998). This knowledge is constructed and transmitted within a social context, thus understanding the social context is essential (Crotty, 1998). Constructivism reflects the concept of intentionalityRead MoreHuman Rights And The International System1841 Words   |  8 Pagesare viewed in the international system, we can now look at some prominent theoretical perspectives used in the field of International Relations. Realism, Liberalism, Economic Structuralism (a.k.a. Marxism/Radical Theory), Utilitarianism, Constructivism, and Feminism are the most commonly used base-level theoretical perspectives in International Relations. Theories are not perfect cure-alls, providing black and white answers for anything and everything they dwell in. Instead, they are tools, providingRead MoreReforming, Transforming and Conforming Essay3445 Words   |  14 PagesIn this essay I will discuss the comparisons and differences of the three models of theory and learning as identified by MacNaughton, Conforming, Reforming and Transforming (MacNaughton, 2003). This essay will look at how these theories are explained and can be applied individually or together within the learning pedagogy. My discussion will be of a reflective nature and include how I have understood these three models in relation to the early childhood learning environment and how I may relateRead MoreTechnical Obsession And Modernity Of Cinematic Reception5738 Words   |  23 Pagespresenting a new form of cinema, ?founded on its total separation from the language of theatre and literature.? The series of instructions excerpt from Vertov?s diary about this film[footnoteRef:6]. Post-revolution, futurist aesthetics evolved to Constructivis m[footnoteRef:7], aiming to, ?secure the triumph of the Revolution,? while advocating arts with, ?immediate needs? (Feldman, 1979, p27). Vertov aimed to utilise his film to promote Lenin?s Bolshevik regime, with the analysis of post-revolution SovietRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 Pagesview of how science should be done, and is a broad term encompassing elements of epistemology, theory and philosophy, along with methods.1 Examples of general paradigms within social research are positivism, post-positivism, critical theory and constructivism. More detailed examples and classifications of paradigms are given by Guba and Lincoln (1994). Some writers use the term metatheory similarly, to describe ideas about conceptions of science: ‘Different thinkers, especially philosophers (of science)

Essay on How Does Advertising Work - 2588 Words

How Does Advertising Work? INTRODUCTION ------------ Definition  · The original definition of advertising was â€Å"to draw attention to something† or to notify or inform someone of something (Branston 1996).  · A modern definition is the publication (in various forms) of facts or opinions concerning goods or services, to awaken the public’s interest and persuade them to purchase.  · Advertising is now big business – an industry with extraordinary cultural and economic impact.  · This is funded through the cost of the goods that consumers buy.  · Advertising is now the media form most often encountered, and is perhaps the most powerful and pervasive form of propaganda in history.  · It is found in†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ · We can now examine what advertising actually does in greater detail. Advertising Communicates  · Firstly, advertising communicates.  · All advertisements attempt to â€Å"say† something to the consumer about the product or service which is being advertised.  · The advertiser hopes to positively influence our thinking in favour of their brand by presenting a message in their advertising.  · Advertisers hope that when the time has come for consumers to consider buying a product or service of that type, that the message contained in the advertising will influence us to look favourably upon that particular product, over others which may be available. Advertising is part of a wider Marketing Process  · However, advertising on its own doesn’t usually have the power to completely influence our decision to buy something.  · Advertising is used as part of a wider marketing process where other factors such as price and availability also exert an important influence.  · Therefore advertising has to work alongside the other aspects of marketing in an integrated fashion to communicate effectively with the consumer. Advertising Sells  · As already mentioned, the ultimate aim of advertising is to increase sales.  · It is expensive to develop an advertising campaign, soShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Television Advertising on Consumer Choices841 Words   |  3 Pages Since television advertising has become popular there has been a big dispute about how it impacts on consumers choices. An advertising is used to alert and boost a particular product or service to certain consumers. To identify the consumers they find out their needs and wants, and then enlighten them, through an advertising. It is a easy way to promote any type of product. Advertising is something that come on television, radios, and sports games. Television advertising come on televisionRead MoreThe Role of Advertising in Todays World1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthat advertisement performs today? What is advertising and communication in today’s world? Advertising bears the burden of building brands. What is brand building? How does advertising build a brand? By taking a simple product, what does advertising do to build it into a powerful brand and how does advertising do this? Let us first understand what is a brand. A brand is a consumer’s idea of a product. This is a quote from the doyen of advertising – David Ogilvy. Let us take a deeper lookRead MoreCreativity Makes Advertising Effective Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay aims at exploring the impact of creativity in advertising and how creative advertisements are more effective in communicating to a target audience. It looks at how creative ads have more impact and how consumers react when the message is delivered in a unique and new way. It particularly focuses on the value that a creative ad can imply for a brand or a product and how it can contribute to strengthen corporate brand image. How a creative ad can build consumer brand loyalty and changeRead MoreMy First Graphic Design Class934 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was a junior in high school, I took my first graphic design class. In this class we not only learned how to use graphic software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, we learned how to attract different audiences to certain products by learning what makes an advertisement appealing and aesthetically eye-catching. In one ass ignment, we had to create an advertisement that would effectively convince Amish farmers to buy iPad Minis. Assignments like these taught me to step outside of the box andRead MoreAdvertising Vs Society : Close Your Eyes Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesZuà ±iga1 Angela Zuà ±iga Advertising Assignment #1 September 8th 2016 Advertising VS Society Close your eyes. Think about a single commercial or ad that has caught your eye, made you look back or think twice; that one ad that echoed its catch phrase incessantly, and stirred feelings inside you. As you start to remember the sound of that catchy tune playing in its background, what exactly did it make you feel or think? Now ask yourself this, why is it still lingering in your subconsciousRead More alcohol and advertising Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol and Advertising Throughout the history of television, viewers have raised many questions about alcohol advertising. Does advertising influence alcohol consumption? Does it has an impact on alcohol abuse or alcohol related disease and death? How is advertising affecting us? The goal of this essay is to collect evidence, both theoretical and empirical, that would address the question of whether advertising affects in any measurable manner alcohol consumption and mortality from alcoholism andRead MoreFalse Advertising And Its Effect On Business1334 Words   |  6 PagesFalse Advertising False advertising is a growing trend among businesses in our economy and normal life. This trend includes directly trying to trick the consumers into thinking that they are getting something great but in reality they are getting nothing. All age groups are targeted by false advertising, it is just a matter of how smart of a consumer you are. Almost all companies are guilty of this crime. The biggest and major companies that are big into false advertising are weight loss programsRead MoreKid Kustomers- Advertising845 Words   |  4 Pagesof the word â€Å"advertising† does not look that bad. It is simply explained as â€Å"calling the attention of the public to a product or business.† However, the advertising companies usually abuse the real meaning of advertising and try to sell their product no matter what it takes to do so. It is very hard not to notice advertisement in today’s world. The commercials, the adds, the posters are everywhere; from TV, newspapers magazines and billboards to even a bus that is taking us to work everyday. AdvertisingRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Creative Without Strategy1586 Words   |  7 Pagesto Jef I. Richards quotes: â€Å"Creative without strategy is called â€Å"art†. Creative with strategy is called† advertising† This statement shows a discussion between two statements. Firstly, this essay will discuss about what is creativity and why is it important in advertising, the evidence and shows how and why the creative idea works or doesn’t work. What is the strategy? Refers to The Advertising Concept book (Barry 2008). Strategy refers to the overall marketing or selling approach† Strategy is everythingRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis of Heys Virtual Product Placement984 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest of the television and advertising industries to keep the balance between appropriate advertising and content. He uses evidence and examples of virtual advertising that relate to the audience as well as his well-educated tone of voice to make his claim, and ultimately succeeds in achieving his purpose of informing, while inciting fear of the possible future in the advertising market. This article talks about the two different kinds of product placement advertising, normal and virtual. Basically

narrative Free Essays

Narrative Free Essays I have is of when I went to Montreal, Canada, to visit my family on my dad’s side. It was around the first week of August of 2007, and was my first trip to Canada. Along with going to Montreal, Canada, we also went to Quebec City, Canada, the only city in North America that has stone walls bordering It. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now We flew In an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed In my dad’s brother’s home for the time that we were there. My uncle’s name Is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we et his daughter named Felicia, and his two twin sons named Tristan and Zachary. Once we were settled in In their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went shopping. We then went back home to eat the homemade spaghetti that Charles’ wife, Isabella, had made. After, we decided to have a fashion show for all of the kids of the clothes we had bought earlier that day. Later at night, all of the kids got together and slept in one room and played super Moral Brothers against each other on our Nintendo Deeds. During the next couple of days, my family and I also got the chance to explore Quebec City, Canada as well. I got to learn about the Chateau Forefront, a historic and popular hotel which opened in 1893, and the world’s most photographed hotel. Quebec City was also filled with fascinating centuries-old architecture and historic sites. While I was there, I saw horse-drawn carriages on the street, street entertainers, and artists working on the street. Also, Quebec City streets were filled with several stores and boutiques that I went to that were filled with souvenirs, paintings, and clothes. At night time, the city was filled with stringed lights, and it was one of the most picturesque places that I have ever seen. To conclude, going to Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, and visiting my relatives was the happiest memory that I have ever had. I treasured going there so much and meeting my family for the times we spent together, for the things I got to learn, and for the places I go to go to. I haven’t seen my relatives in Canada or been to Montreal or Quebec City since 2007. Although, this summer, I am going with my family to return there once again and to see my relatives for a long awaited seven year reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada In 2007, and I can’t Walt to make new memories this summer when I return! Narrative By peaches_n_cream it. We flew in an airplane from Portland, OR to Providence, RI, and then we drove from there to Montreal, Canada. We stayed in my dad’s brother’s home for the time that we were there. My uncle’s name is Charles, and once we first arrived at his house, we Once we were settled in in their house, we went out to the mall nearby and went together and slept in one room and played Super Mario Brothers against each other reunion. I will never forget my trip to Canada in 2007, and I can’t wait to make new How to cite Narrative, Essays Narrative Free Essays I was running late for school. My alarm clock didn’t go off so that causes me not to wake up on time. I’m rushing trying to get out of the house my class started at right o’ clock am. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am running down stair to get in my car. I’m in my car speeding trying to make it to school on time. All I could think of was I hope I don’t get caught speeding and get a ticket. I was almost at school didn’t realize I was in a school zone. Once I seen the sign I started to slow my vehicle down. I checked my surrounding didn’t see ant police around, out of nowhere I started to hear the ringing coming from a police car. Didn’t know he was coming for me as I pulled over in the parking lot on the side all I could think about me getting a speeding ticket. The office walked up to my car and asked for my driver’s license and insurance paper. He asked do you know why you were pulled over. I no but him and I know both know it was for speeding. The officer then asked where I was headed to; I told him to school he then walked back to him car. I’m just waiting and waiting to see what he’s going to do let me go or give me the ticket for speeding. Officer walks back to my vehicle. As I look up he has a pad that he’s writing on let me guess I’m getting a ticket for speeding. The office hands over the ticket and also asks me to sign on the dotted line. He then explains I was getting the ticket for speeding he said I was doing a 45 in a 35 school zone. Now I’m thinking how I am going to pay for this $150. 00 ticket. Now I’ thinking I have to do some work around the house or maybe even some baby sitting anything to help me pay for this ticket since I wasn’t working at the time. I’ve learned that I have to set my alarm clock the night before. Wake up on time when my alarm clock goes off. Also watch my surroundings at all times when driving on the roads so that wont get a speeding ticket that I can barley pay for. How to cite Narrative, Essays Narrative Free Essays When I was younger, my best friend was the child of a single mother. Cathy’s mom was a nice lady, but she spent a great deal of time telling Cathy about the things that she had missed out on by choosing to give birth instead of â€Å"getting rid† of the baby. As such, Cathy was very careful about her own sex life. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"You’re a smart girl. Don’t make the mistakes I did,† her mom would tell her, all the while insisting that she could talk to her about anything. Needless to say, Cathy didn’t believe her. Cathy also saw the things that she didn’t have because she was being raised by a single mother. It was more than just not having a dad to take to school events. It was having to cook her own dinner, and dinner for her mother, each night because her mother worked until 6 p.m. She heard her mother complain about the long days and the loneliness. She heard her mother, usually when she was having coffee with another adult and thought Cathy wasn’t around, talk about the sacrifices she had made for her child. She heard her mother talk about not having an adult to talk to and not buying things she needed, like new clothing, because she had to buy for Cathy first. Cathy heard everything her mother said, and didn’t say, about being a single mother and resolved not to do the same. Cathy remained a virgin until well after she graduated from high school, but when she decided to become sexually active, she did not go to the doctor to get birth control.   When I asked her about it, she turned red and stuttered. â€Å"My mom would find out and she would be disappointed in me,† she said.   Her mother’s constant nagging had convinced her that good girls didn’t use birth control. They were smart and abstained from sex. Cathy used condoms, sometimes, but she argued that too made her feel â€Å"trampy†. So most of the time, she did not use birth control.   She went to college and got a good job and then met the man of her dreams. Within a year they were living together and six months later, Cathy got pregnant. Her boyfriend was a great guy, but he was still in college and didn’t want children yet. Cathy thought about abortion, but decided that she could never have an abortion because, after all, her mother had sacrificed so much to keep her. So, she talked with her boyfriend and fought with her boyfriend and explained her dilemma to him.   It was unfair to a child to make it grow up with just one parent, she argued, and he argued that he wasn’t ready to be a parent. Her mom called when she found out Cathy was pregnant and began laying on the guilt again. â€Å"I raised you alone and you turned out all right. You can raise your child too. Look how much more accomplished you are and more ready for it you are than I ever was,† her mom said. Maybe if she hadn’t heard her mom so clearly when she was younger, Cathy might have agreed. But she remembered her mom’s lamenting that she had lost the love of her life to raise her daughter and Cathy decided that she would never place that burden on her own child. She was crying the day she told me that she had made a decision. She and her boyfriend went together to a social service agency and looked through their family album of potential adoptive parents. They read the letters from people seeking to adopt a child and looked at their pictures. She said they finally chose a couple with nice smiles who looked fit and healthy. One was a soldier; his wife was a German immigrant. They couldn’t have children of their own. Cathy said they already had a nursery decorated with teddy bears and seemed perfect. So, they asked the social worker to set up the meeting. She had questions when she first met them. As a soldier, would he be deployed often? If the adoptive mother was German, would they raise the child bi-lingual?   Would they explain to the baby that is birth parents loved him, but were not ready to have a child? When she was satisfied with the answers, Cathy and her boyfriend decided that the soldier and his wife were perfect adoptive parents. Her mother never understood, complaining that she was deprived of her grandson. Cathy tried to explain to her that she believed that her son deserved two parents. Her mother argued that Cathy chose a man over her child.   Cathy screamed with anger finally then, telling her mother, â€Å"No, I simply didn’t want to do to my child what you did to me!† I saw Cathy and her husband the other day. They were smiling and talking about the soldier and his wife. Their son, Kevin, was growing like a weed and the soldier and his wife had sent pictures and a video for Cathy. As she and her husband stood there hand in hand talking about Kevin, I knew she was comfortable with her decision. Because her mother had been so adamant about not putting herself in the position that she was in, Cathy chose not to raise her son. Instead, she and her future husband chose to do what was best for the boy.   They know that he will know they loved him and selected his parents carefully to guarantee as much as they could that he had everything he could want or need including two parents. How to cite Narrative, Essays Narrative Free Essays It was the summer of 2007, and my parents thought that it would be a brilliant idea to go on a family road trip to some unknown location. This was the summer before I started high school and I wasn’t in the family bonding mood for a day let alone two weeks. With me being an only child, grandchild, and great grandchild, I was the only kid with five adults in a minivan. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why my parents thought that this was a good idea is still beyond my imagination. The trip started off like any other hectic family vacation, full of last minute packing and arguing. None of us had any idea as to where we would end up, but as I was told repeatedly, it was all part of the adventure. We got about three hours in, and what happens? We get in an accident. Not just an accident, a wreck. The whole front of the van was smashed in. After all of the paperwork was filled out and the car was towed off, we had to get a rental. The rental car really wasn’t that bad. It was a Cadillac Escalade, but the only pain was having to unload and then reload our luggage into the SUV. We eventually just stayed the night about an hour out from where the accident had occurred. We all figured that after something ridiculous like wreck happens, our trip could only go up. The next few days would show us that we were sadly mistaken. The next morning, we woke up at the crack of dawn to get on the road. I fell asleep in the car and when I woke up, we were in Richmond, VA. We all thought that it would be a good time to stop for lunch, so we did. It was a small fish house on the outskirts of Richmond and it had the best corn chowder on the planet. Half way through lunch, my mother decides that she would like to go look outside. Now, I come from a background of rather ungraceful and uncoordinated people. My mother just so happens to be the worst of us all. As she stands, she seems to take the entire tablecloth with her as well as our food. This then dumps our entire lunch on everyone but her. This still is not the last of the misfortunate events to occur on this fun family adventure. We finally arrived a few days later to our surprise location of Rye, NH. It was a very small quaint town on the east side of Portsmouth. We ended up renting a condo that overlooked the Atlantic and it was absolutely beautiful. That night, we decided to go out and look around this serene location which we had stopped at. Come to find out, there really wasn’t much to Rye so we traveled down to Portsmouth. We ate dinner, went shopping, got ice cream and finally arrived back at our condo around ten. The best part about that night? The fact that no one remembered there key thinking that surely someone else would bring theirs. Every locksmith in town was closed so we ended up sleeping in the Escalade. The family adventure of ‘07 turned out to be so much more than what any of us had bargained for. Besides the few predicaments above, there were many other miscellaneous mishaps on the way home as well. However, as crazy as that trip may have been, I had more fun on that vacation than any other. It was definitely the most memorable and through all of that, we grew a thousand times closer. I wouldn’t have traded that summer for anything. How to cite Narrative, Essays

The Financial Ratio And Operating Indicator Analysis Accounting Essay Example For Students

The Financial Ratio And Operating Indicator Analysis Accounting Essay Riverview Community Hospital operates as a non for net income installation with 210 inpatient beds. The fiscal ratio and operating index analysis of Riverview Community Hospital will try to find their public presentation within their market. The farther appraisal of the hard currency flows, Du Pont equation, and economic value added ( EVA ) will offer penetration to their fiscal public presentation. The appraisal of the infirmaries hard currency flows will let the judge to find if the company s nucleus operations were profitable, how capital was raised, and how the establishment s fiscal schemes effected their hard currency place. The stoping hard currency and investings for 2009 were reduced by about 45 per centum from the old twelvemonth Table 1: Riverview Community Hospital Cash Flows Year End December 31, 2009 ( Gapenski, 2010 ) . We will write a custom essay on The Financial Ratio And Operating Indicator Analysis Accounting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ( Table 1 ) . This downward tendency may go an country of concern, because it could make an inability for the infirmary to pay its day-to-day operating committednesss. The fixed plus acquisitions have continued to transcend the depreciation bespeaking a possible country of probe for budget development to command costs. This was a lessening of 46 per centum from the old twelvemonth and may necessitate farther fiscal schemes to warrant their outgo. The most important factor impacting the alteration in the hard currency flow was the payment of long term debt ( $ 1.4 million ) as compared to the old twelvemonth when more than $ 3.5 million was incurred to cover for their capital purchases. The Du Pont analysis offers the direction an overall apprehension of the profitableness of the establishment. Riverview s entire border of 6.75 % falls within the upper quartile of the industry informations for infirmaries with 200-299 beds ( Table 2 ) . This higher net income border indicates that Riverview has attained better control over its sum disbursals than the bulk of similar size infirmaries. The plus turnover of 0.67 falls within the lowest quartile of comparable infirmaries. This plus use indicates that the infirmary is non really efficient in bring forthing grosss for every dollar of plus. The equity multiplier of 1.69 falls below the average information group. This indicates that the establishment possesses lower debt funding and lower hazard than the mean infirmary but this consequences in cut downing Table 2: Riverview Community Hospital Du Pont Analysis ( Gapenski, 2010 ) . its fiscal purchase. Riverview s return on equity ( ROE ) falls merely above the median of similar size infirmaries at 7.66 % which translates to 7.6 cents net income for every dollar of gross. This is significantly lower than the top quartile of comparable installations that had more than dual Riverview s ROE. The analysis of the income statement and the balance sheet requires the computations of fiscal ratios to obtain meaningful informations that can be compared to industry values. There are legion ratios that can be utilized to measure the fiscal position of a concern. The profitableness ratios of Riverview autumn within the average scope, except their entire net income border of 6.75 % ( Table 3 ) . This degree places it within the upper quartile of comparable infirmaries. This would bespeak that Riverview manages to command disbursals good. Riverview s current ratio and yearss hard currency on manus autumn within the top 25 per centum of the industry informations. These liquidness ratios indicate that Riverview s current assets would supply $ 2.67 for every dollar of current liabilities, and they have 32.72 yearss of hard currency on manus. These ratios indicate to their creditors that they are in place to run into their fiscal duties. The debt direction ratios all autumn within the a verage scope. The plus direction ratios autumn within the average scope except the fixed and entire plus turnover. Riverview s use of assets falls within the lowest quartile. The fixed plus turnover of 0.86 times may be an indicant of their inability to offer specific services. The entire plus turnover of 0.67 times is non every bit low as its fixed plus indicating they are using current assets better than fixed assets. Inflation or age of the infirmary may adversely impact these ratios ; nevertheless, Riverview has an estimated fixed plus age of 6.12 old ages. Riverview falls within lower quartile to bespeak that their infirmary offers more late purchased acquisitions. .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e , .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .postImageUrl , .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e , .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:hover , .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:visited , .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:active { border:0!important; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:active , .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3256c1c4c5812a9a6e139d0a6a2e538e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canada's Water Crisis-Do we Sell? EssayTable 3: Riverview Community Hospital Financial Ratio Analysis ( Gapenski, 2010 ) . The operating index analysis examines internal informations to find the factors that contribute to the fiscal position of the company. These indexs are used by directors to place and steer fiscal schemes for the hereafter. Riverview s net income indexs are within the average scope of the industry ; nevertheless, the important downward tendency for net income per inpatient discharge should be followed closely ( Table 4 ) . The net income per outpatient visit has improved but is still negative. The net monetary value per visit and gross per centum of outpatient services are both within the upper quartile. The outpatient services are still non bring forthing a net income with the increased monetary value per visit. Riverview s tenancy rate is within the average scope, but their mean day-to-day nose count is within the lower quartile. This would farther bespeak their demand to use fixed assets more efficaciously. The infirmary s adjusted length of stay is within the lowest quartile bespe aking a good direction of dispatching patients. The strength of service indexs show that the cost per discharge and visit are within the lowest quartile but their instance mix is in the upper quartile. They are supplying more intense service to their patients at a lower cost. The outpatient labour hours per visit are within the upper quartile at 9.24 hours. The outpatient service would necessitate farther probe of these higher labour hours to increase efficiency. Table 4: Riverview Community Hospital Operating Indicator Analysis ( Gapenski, 2010 ) . The economic value added ( EVA ) measures the direction s ability to make or destruct wealth for their company. Stern Stewart A ; Co. ( Stern, 2010 ) developed this metric to offer a more effectual rating of direction s ability to supply shareholders value. The EVA analysis of profitableness takes into history all costs including: capital, equity, and its funding. The higher the EVA step, the more effectual direction is at making value for their stockholders. The EVA measuring for Riverview has trended negatively over the two old old ages but has improved 25 per centum this yesteryear last twelvemonth to -1.2 million ( Figure 1 ) . The factors lending to this negative alteration were shriveling net incomes and an increasing accretion of capital. The EVA dollar sum in 2009 improved due to reduced capital purchases and decrease in long term debt. The restriction of the EVA computation ; does non offer an allowance for the societal value provided to the community by the not-for-profit installation. Figure 1: Riverview Community Hospital Economic Value Added ( Gapenski, 2010 ) The appraisal of the fiscal public presentation of Riverview Community Hospital reveals several countries of concern. The farther analysis of fixed plus acquisitions should be justified by the infirmaries fiscal schemes. These capital purchases significantly outpace the annual depreciation allowance. Riverview s REO analysis reveals a important lessening in entire border that remains in the upper quartile of their industry. The infirmary should measure the viability of bettering both entire plus turnover and equity multiplier to convey their ROE in line with their degree of entire border public presentation. They should find if improved fixed plus use will break leverage them within the market. The net income of their outpatient services is an country that should be targeted for effectual cost decrease schemes. The fiscal ratio and operating index analysis may hold several restrictions that need to be addressed. The income from non-operating gross for not-for-profit infirmaries can be unpredictable and inconsistent. This outside beginning of gross can be a important part of their income. This could falsify the computations based on that extremely undependable income. The many fiscal ratios may non to the full account for the not-for-profit position of the infirmary and may necessitate further analysis to find their cogency. The unaccounted equity provided to the community is non factored into the equations. The extra health care benefits provided to the stockholders of the community may out weight the lessening in effectual plus use by the installation. .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 , .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .postImageUrl , .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 , .u76774547df47add35 d738e2d9246fbc0:hover , .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0:visited , .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0:active { border:0!important; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0:active , .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .postTitle { color: #F FFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0 .u76774547df47add35d738e2d9246fbc0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76774547df47add3 5d738e2d9246fbc0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ? 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Quotes From PW Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa

Quotes From PW Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa I never have the nagging doubt of wondering whether perhaps I am wrong. President P. W. Botha, who served as the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and executive State President from 1984 to 1989, gave many memorable remarks about leading South Africa under the policies of apartheid that kept races segregated. On Apartheid I am one of those who believe that there is no permanent home for even a section of the Bantu in the white area of South Africa, and the destiny of South Africa depends on this essential point. If the principle of permanent residence for the black man in the area of the white is accepted, then it is the beginning of the end of civilization as we know it in this country. The people who are opposing the policy of apartheid have not the courage of their convictions. They do not marry non-Europeans. Because you could not translate the word apartheid into the more universal language of English, the wrong connotation was given to it. I am sick and tired of the hollow parrot-cry of apartheid! Ive said many times that the word apartheid means good neighborliness. On Race Relations You could not claim for yourself that which you were not prepared to grant others. The security and happiness of all minority groups in South Africa depends on the Afrikaner. Most blacks are happy, except those who have had other ideas pushed into their ears. If the principle of permanent residence for the black man in the area of the white is accepted, then it is the beginning of the end of civilization as we know it in this country. I am not against the provision of the necessary medical assistance to colored and natives, because unless they receive that medical aid, they become a source of danger to the European community. The white people who came here lived at a very much higher standard than the indigenous peoples and with a very rich tradition, which they brought with them from Europe. Our history is responsible for the differences in the South African way of life. Botha Quotes On Leading South Africa The free world wants to feed South Africa to the Red Crocodile [communism] to appease its hunger. The idea of an Afrikaner people as a cultural entity and religious group with a special language will be retained in South Africa as long as civilization stands. Half a century ago in this court, I was sworn in as the member of Parliament for George. And here I am today...I am not better than General De Wet. I am not better than President Steyn. Like them, I stand firm in my principles. I can do no different. So help me God. Adapt or die. I believe we are today crossing the Rubicon, Mr. Chairman. In South  Africa, there can be no turning back. I have a manifesto for the future of our country and we must engage in positive action in the months and years that lie ahead.From his National Party Congress Speech, 15 August 1985. Sources Crwys-Williams, Jennifer. Penguin Dictionary of South African Quotations. Paperback, Penguin Global, August 12, 2009. Krog, Antjie. Country of My Skull. Hardcover, Crown, First Edition edition, February 22, 1999. Lennox-Short, Alan. A treasury of quotations. AD. Donker, 1991. McGreal, Chris. Brothers in arms - Israels secret pact with Pretoria. The Guardian, February 7, 2006. PW Botha. South Africa Travel Online, 2017. Van der Vat, Dan. PW Botha. The Guardian, November 2006.

Example Sentences of the English Verb To Keep

Example Sentences of the English Verb 'To Keep' This page provides example sentences of the English verb Keep in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Base Form keep / Past Simple kept / Past Participle kept / Gerund keeping Present Simple She keeps all her birthday cards every year. Present Simple Passive The key is kept by the doorman. Present Continuous He is currently keeping up the house while his parents are away. Present Continuous Passive The house is being kept up by Jason while his parents are away. Present Perfect Im afraid I havent kept up with the news recently. Present Perfect Passive The information has been kept up to date by Alice. Present Perfect Continuous We have been keeping bees for the last few years. Past Simple She kept a diary while she was on holiday. Past Simple Passive A journal was kept by the teacher on each student. Past Continuous They were keeping watch over the house when it was broken into by thieves. Past Continuous Passive The house was being kept watch over by the Wilsons when it was broken into by thieves. Past Perfect The had kept an expense journal before they moved to New York. Past Perfect Passive An expense journal had been kept before they moved to New York. Past Perfect Continuous We had been keeping up with the Jones before they moved to Los Angeles. Future (Will) She will keep the children while we are away. Future (Will) Passive The children will be kept by Cheryl while we are away. Future (Going to) Cheryl is going to keep the children during the holidays. Future (Going to) Passive The children are going to be kept by Cheryl during the holidays. Future Continuous They will be keeping a record of the meeting tomorrow afternoon. Future Perfect Janice will have been kept up to date so you can ask her. Future Possibility She might keep that present. Real Conditional If she keeps up exercising, she will be in great shape. Unreal Conditional If she kept up exercising, she would be in great shape. Past Unreal Conditional If she had kept up exercising, she would have been in great shape. Present Modal She should keep up with the class. Past Modal Harry might have kept up with the developments. Quiz: Conjugate With Keep Use the verb to keep to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. She _____ the children while we are away.She _____ a diary while she was on holiday.The_____ an expense journal before they moved to New York.Janice _____ up to date so you can ask her.If she _____ up exercising, she would have been in great shape.The key _____ by the doorman.We _____ bees for the last few years.A journal _____ by the teacher on each student.Im afraid I _____ up with the news recently.Cheryl _____ the children during the holidays. Thats the plan. Quiz Answers will keepkepthad keptwill have been kepthad keptis kepthave been keepingwas kepthavent keptis going to keep

The achievements of Generals are in the long run more decisive than Essay

The achievements of Generals are in the long run more decisive than the achievements of diplomats. Access the validity of this generalization for the United States in the period 1800-1825 - Essay Example main functions of such diplomats are to find ways round to the protection and representation of their states interests and at the same time to promote and foster communication and friendly relations. Generals on the other hand, are general state officers of the highest military rank usually belonging to the army or the air force. Such general’s main function is the use of military force and regulations to enforce their nation’s interests and representation. This is more often than not through war tactics (smith, 1980). According to Smith (1980) the use of generals in the achievement of objectives during the times considered to be a more sure mode of action and fairly quicker than diplomatic tactics. Where diplomats tactics dragged on for long periods of time, most generals military tactics would take much shorter time periods provided the availability of the required access of resources such as during the period of the trial of tears. The â€Å"casualties† were immense but, the objectives of the general’s orders subsequently met, and thus land obtained. Taking the example of U.S generals Andrew Jackson and William Henry who went to war against Britain in the year 1812, they won against states that used diplomatic means to face them and where some of the U.S diplomats had failed. After the carrying out of various diplomatic resolutions to solve the American problems at sea and to end Indian raids in the west, the state decided to finally employ the services of the generals. Though employing the techniques of invasions and divisions of alliances, they were able to achieve their objectives. They repulsed invasions by the British and broke off alliances between the British and the Indians and hence made the enemies weaker to suppress. The federalists and diplomats who were against the war to the extent of trading and threatening succession with the enemy devastated by the U.S general’s triumphant ending of the war. As a result, the U.S sea interests and the

Employee Relations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employee Relations - Case Study Example These items pass through their network of 70 mail centers, 8 regional distribution centers and3,000 delivery offices. Then the fleet of over 30,000 red vehicles and 33,000 bicycles help them to deliver these items to their final destinations or recipients. Employment relationship or industrial relations particularly refers to the legal relationship between the employer and the employee. Thus it's obvious that employment relationship creates a set of reciprocal rights and corresponding obligations on the part of the employer and the employee (Darlington, 2009). A healthy relationship between employers and employees is a very important factor in the efficiency and the success of any organization. When considering the labor relations and disputes, a small conflict between the above parties can be a serious issue and it can turn the entire business into bankruptcy if both parties do not negotiate with each other and find solutions quickly and effectively. This is due to the fact that the bargaining power of individuals or trade unions is unlimited. So it is necessary to have a stable policy and procedure for the effective execution of employee relations, especially regarding the labor disputes (Bennett, 1999). Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) is the governing body and the facilitator of employee relations and conflict issues in... The employees are demanding high wages to make adjustments to their living costs against inflation in the economy by giving various reasons to justify the issue, such as higher operating cost in the organization due to a lack of experience and the commitment of the executives. And they know the importance of the organization and its existence in order to serve the people in the country. They feel that there is a negative attitude towards the employees on the part of the administrative officers. They further argue that the high wages of Royal Mail's chief executive officers is one of the reasons for their woes. The employees feel that there is a huge discrimination in wage levels between and among executives and the workers.There are various bargaining positions adopted by the employees, such as distributive bargaining and classic bargaining. In all these positions are adopted in order to secure increases in the wage level of the employees, reduce the work hours and get approvals for medical leaves. Yet another type of bargaining is the integrative bargaining that includes raising health and safety of the employees to improve the quality of life of employees. Intra-organizational bargaining is concerned with the matters relating to internal problems such as wastage, long working hours etc. If employees are not confident that the authorities are not considering their bargaining issues they might possibly go for the union tactics to redress their grievances. Slowdowns of the operations, stoppages and even outright strikes are staged by them to win over rights. If the employees feel first two tactics are not going to work they might conduct a public strike as

Video On Demand Services Of Netflix Information Technology Essay

Video On Demand Services Of Netflix Information Technology Essay Netflix which established in the 1997 is the largest online movie rental company in the world. It famous by the service that offers their customers subscribe the DVD online or online streaming without any due date or late fees. Until the end of year 2009, they have more than 100,000 movies in DVD catalog, and in 2010, they have over 14 million subscribers. Their competitive advantages are the CineMatch recommendation software and the automated supply chain delivery. The recommendation system that make accurate suggestion movie to their customers, and their 100 plus delivery centers across the country allows 95% customers receive DVD within 1 business day. Currently, many cable and satellite companies offer Video on demand (VOD) which make customers see the video without waiting and reduce the cost of the shipment. In order to survive in the competitive home filmed-entertainment industry, Netflix take series practical actions to strength its VOD service. Netflix offered a digital rental service call Netflixs Watch that allows subscribers to download and view movies or television programs instantly on their PC for free depends on their subscribe plan. Base on the development of entering VOD system through the streaming video, Netflix will create a differentiation compare to other competitors. On the other hand, Netflix will change from DVD online rental segment to distributor of digital entertainment. Generic strategy- Differentiation Netflix was founded in 1990s and pioneered the subscriber based DVD rental service. Compared with most of the competitions which are in store rental service such as Blockbuster, Netflix differentiate itself into a whole new business segment. Netflix created its blue ocean by being entirely different from its competitors. By dominated in the DVD rental market, Netflix required to innovated new technology to compete against competitors who could also cut down the price. For example, Netflix emphasized on customers personalization, they using recommendation system which provide customer movies suggestion according to their renting history. On the other hand, they established over 100 distribution centers to deliver the movies and let customers received the mail within one day. Netflix using Oracle ERP Database to manage inventory, customers data and CineMatch system and adding value to each business activity. http://noisebetweenstations.com/personal/weblogs/?p=2011#ixzz0zsAJGoMY Porters five forces analysis of Netflix Buyer power-low Netflix is the first company that offer online subscribe rental DVD and through the United States postal service to mail to their customers. Netflix provide their customers with many different efficient systems. For example, CineMatch recommendation software offer personalized service to customers according to their subscribed record, almost 85~90% of customers will enjoy the suggestive movies and continue their subscription. On the other hand, Netflix emphasized 95% of customers will receive the DVD in one business day. Therefore, buyer power is low because other companies dont have such recommendation system and services compare to Netflix, and also their month fees are higher than Netflix. For buyers, their switching cost is high, so the buyer power is low. Supplier power-high Netflix buy their movies from the suppliers are movie studio such as Hollywood film distributors and USPS. In the film industry, it is no other substitute can choose in the rental market. Therefore, the supplier power is high. Threat of Substitute-high The VOD (Video on demand) is a new system that allows users use set-top box, computer or other player devices to watch video at any time. VOD is a threat of substitute for Netflix because customers no longer want to wait for the mail anymore; they want to see the movie right away. Therefore, Netflix has to align with VOD system to maintain its market shares. Threat of New Entrants-low It costs a significant capital for new entrants to enter in VOD industry, so that will be a hard barrier for new entrants to get into the market. On the other hand, the existing rental retailers already has the experience in marketing, that is a huge experience advantage exceed the potential entrants. Therefore, the threat of new entrants is low. Rivalry among Existing Competitors-high This industry has several main video rental companies that engaged in price war competition, such as Blockbuster, Hollywood video and Redbox. Most of the competitors have developed the digital box to integrate with VOD system in order to satisfy the customers need. On the other hand, Apple and Amazon both offer customers downloaded digital videos and watched on their TV by Apple TV and TiVO, respectively. Therefore, the video rental market for VOD system has encountered strongly competition. Netflix value chain Primary activity: Inbound Logistics: Netflixs strategy is establishes partnership with top studios such as Hollywood studios, twentieth century Fox in order to expand its library data. Therefore, Netflix have more new categories of movies or TV episodes available for their customers. Operation: The online recommendation system provided the best movie that is not usually the high-demand new release for customers because they are frequently out of stock. Based on the recommendation system, company can arrange their inventory management without harass the deficiency of supply. Moreover, the company devoted to expanding the distribution centers to deliver mail within 1 day to their customers. Outbound Logistics: Netflix cooperate with United States Postal Service (USPS) to reduce the delivery time and costs. The returned of the movie from customers is through by USPS to the closest Netflixs distribution center. Marketing and sales: Netflixs members are available using devices of Microsofts Xbox 360, Sonys PS3 and Nintendos Wii consoles to watch movies and TV episodes; Blu-ray disc players from Samsung, LG and Insignia; Internet TVs from LG, Sony and VIZIO; the Roku digital video player and TiVo digital video recorders, and until recently Apples iPhone, iPad and iPod touch are accessible as well. Service: Netflix continuing developed the new technological system such as recommendation system, distribution center, Oracle System and the development with VOD system to provide customer convenient online subscribe experience in order to enlarge their subscribers database. Support activity: Procurement: Netflix purchases titles directly from the studios to expand the library database, therefore their customers have more varied choices either on the delivery movies and online download service. Technology development: Netflix provided a free Netflix application for iPhone and iPod touch, allowing their members on plans starting at just $8.99 a month to instantly watch movies or a series of TV episodes on their iPhone or iPod touch without charging additional costs. Human resource management: To evaluate employees job performances for Netflix is the website for customers satisfaction. Therefore, employees have to realize the companys core values, openness, approachability and honesty well before offering service to customers (Patty McCord, 2009). Data Mining Netflix has also makes an outstanding data mining to create its competitive advantages. For example, Cinematch recommendation system synthesizes customer rental behavior and movie ratings to assist the company to recommend the movie to customers. This system will make customers keep subscribing and purchasing the movie. In addition, the system also helps company to invest wider range of movies. Netflix avoid to spend too much money by identify more niche film markets and expand distribution for smaller-budget films. In this situation, the company can save money by increasing demand for lesser-known films and reduce demand for big-studio blockbusters. Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM) Customer relationship management (CRM) systems helps Netflix serve their customers more efficiently. The information that collects from their customers stored in the data warehouse and analyzed by CRM system. By using this system, Netflix can analyze the needs of customers and further realized customers behaviors. The goal of CRM system is to crate positive experiences for customers instead of the negative experiences (Haag 50). One of the most important technologies that support Netflixs customer relationship management is its custom-built intelligent agent. An intelligent agent is artificial intelligence software that helps or acts on behalf of the user to perform repetitive-computer related tasks (Haag 224). By using this system, Netflix know customers preferences and disliked. Moreover, Netflix is able to give accurate, personal recommendations to their customers. Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM) By using supply chain management (SCM) systems, Netflix can keep track on its inventory and information that go through its transaction processes. Furthermore, SCM system helps Netflix to reduce its inventory at the warehouse and distribute its products more efficiently. One of the SCM systems for Netflix can effectively reduce the inventory in warehouse by notify employees where to deliver its inventory as soon as DVD arrives in the warehouse. When the inventory arrives at the warehouse, it is immediately sent off to its next destination (Haag 189). Consequently, most of the times inventories are on the way of traveling and being used by a consumer and very less time staying in the warehouse. This method also makes sure that the product reaches its next destination as soon as possible. Netflixs SCM system also tracks inventory and determines the fastest route to let the DVD into customers hands. Enterprise resources plan (ERP) Database is resources to help the company better understand customers behavior and analyze operational efficiency. Oracle System is a system that Netflix uses to manage the companys database, so it is a backbone for organizational operation (Netflix website, 2010). The system utilizes the data to manage inventory, financial result of the companys performance, and customers data (Netflix website, 2010). On the other hand, Oracle ERP database is also to support the Cinematch System. In addition, the entire DVD library and logistics are also managed through this system. The company is using this system to manage its companys information more effective. Video on demand (VOD) Cooperate with other companies: broadband-enabled devices According to the trend and the popularity of using VOD system for the rental DVD market, Netflix see the potential market and started to align with other companies to advance this new technology to viewing movies. Because consumers are not willing to wait for the movies arrive by mail, instead, they seek for the company that allows them to see the movie right away to satisfy their need. For example, Netflix have partnership with LG Electronics, Samsung Blu-ray disc players, Microsoft Xbox 360 console, TiVo digital video recorders, and the Nintendo-Wii. All these devices allowed the members through the hardware to enjoy Netflixs services. In January 2010, Netflix have partnership with Funai, Panasonic, Sanyo, Sharp, and Toshiba, which also allowed consumers to watch movies and TV episodes through the digital televisions. Furthermore, iPad from Apple developed a Netflix app in 2010, allowing members access Netflixs library of movies and television shows. Recommendation Netflix creates their values by differentiate itself between their competitors, especially Blockbuster. Its outstanding systems make the company accounted the most of the market shares in this industry. However, Netflix is not satisfied the current succeed and still develop the advance technologies, for example developed VOD system and established the partnerships with other companies to increase their amount of subscribers. In conclusion, Netflix should creates company values through innovation and improvement, also improve the CineMatch system to advance the personalized website experience. http://www.solarsquirrel.com/MIDS/System_Analysis.html#ErpDatabase http://www.stanford.edu/~aditya86/Netflix.pdf http://noisebetweenstations.com/personal/weblogs/?p=2011 http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Netflix_%28NFLX%29 http://www.squidoo.com/what-is-blue-ocean-strategy http://noisebetweenstations.com/personal/weblogs/?p=2011#ixzz0zsAJGoMY http://cahdsu.wordpress.com/2009/08/04/infs-762-data-mining-at-netflix/

Colonial Peru: History Takes a Dramatic Turn

It is hard to realize that historical accounts such as these could be so intriguing and actually reeks of scandals that could match any modern day soap opera could muster on television. The relationships, marriage, litigation and the drama are intensely strewn as each turn of events heat up.   Noting old court records and letters narrating the life of Francisco Noguerol de Ulloa, we become witnesses to his unwitting marriage to two women transformed into the main plot of Alexandra and Noble Cook’s book Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance (1991).In the novel type historical account, the story begins as Noguerol receives a letter one day from his two sisters, who are nuns in a Benedictine convent.Doà ±a Ynà ©s and Doà ±a Ynà ©sa Francisca, nuns in the Benedictine convent of San Pedro de las Dueà ±as, had corresponded occasionally with their brother who resided in Peru. But the mail was slow and undependable. This time they wrote to tell Francisco that his wife, Doà ±a Beat riz de Villasur, had died, and to reprimand him for neglecting his own family. They desired, above all else, his return (p. 7).Apparently, his two sisters schemed to convince their brother to go back home, telling him that his wife, Doà ±a Beatriz de Villasur had died. Rather than going home, Noguerol took a new wife, Doà ±a Catalina de Vergara, in a grand ceremony â€Å"among knights and people of much authority and quality.† But when the happy couple did return to Spain, they were greeted with a royal litigation: not only was Noguerol's first wife was still alive, King Philip II wanted him arrested for bigamy.This sparked the beginning of a complicated legal drama in the 16th century Latin America that trailed all the way to the Vatican, where Pope Paul IV decreed that Noguerol could keep his second wife. As the story unfolds, the readers are treated to a dose of bickering lawyers and sexual intrigue–including a lengthy debate over whether Noguerol first had  "carnal intercourse† with first wife or second wife.We could draw out from the book about colonial Peru’s adherence to marriage customs, such as the endowment of dowry by the wife’s family. Francisco Noguerol's first marriage demonstrates the importance of the dowry and is an example of the â€Å"arranged marriage† that was rampant during those times. In the story, we have learned that as a young man in Spain, Noguerol agreed in a marriage arranged by his mother against his will. To wit:The marriage between Francisco and Beatriz had been arranged by their families. It was a business transaction between a wealthy merchant and less affluent gentry, where personal wishes of the young people about to be linked were not considered relevant. Doà ±a Costanza, a widow of only four years, settled a modest annuity on the young couple, but her son's allure lay in his status.The Noguerols descended from a notable family in Galicia and could clearly be categorized as hidalgos. Cristà ³val de Santander was a merchant who could afford to endow his daughter with an enticing sum in order to attract a husband with a higher social standing. The parents had negotiated a mutually satisfying deal, and their children could only dutifully accept the terms.Francisco had protested; Beatriz had remained silent. They were betrothed, and the reluctant groom sweetened his fate with the delectable dowry. On 21 December 1530 Francisco Noguerol de Ulloa, who must have been about twenty years old, acknowledged to have received from â€Å"Cristà ³val de Santander my father-in-law† 30,000 maravedis â€Å"for the dowry and marriage that you have promised me, and that you have agreed to give with Doà ±a Beatriz de Villasur, your daughter and my spouse.† On 29 January 1532 Francisco accepted another â€Å"1,000 reales of silver that are worth 34,000 maravedis, that I receive as partial payment of the dowry,† (p. 43).After receiving a substantial d owry, Noguerol left for America, where he played a role in the Peruvian civil war and amassed a good-sized fortune. Noguerol's second marriage was by his own choice and especially his wife's choice, but it further demonstrates the importance of property for marriage. In his second marriage, Francisco received another large sum of money:Doà ±a Catalina de Vergara had agreed to marry Francisco Noguerol with the condition that he would take her back to Spain and even extracted an oath to that effect from her suitor. On the fifth day of October of 1549, the groom signed a receipt for all the goods Doà ±a Catalina was bringing as dowry, worth some 3,105,000 maravedis (p. 25).Before he was slapped with a bigamy suit, Noguerol did not know that his first wife is still alive. He married again in Peru several years after he received letters from his two sisters, who were nuns in Spain. They erroneously informed him that his first wife had died. Though neither spouse was in any way coerced into this marriage, both were careful to choose a marriage partner with sufficient property to constitute an excellent match. But, it turns out the wives were the ones who gave large sums of money to the man they chose to marry.As soon as she learned that her husband had remarried. Dona Beatriz de Villasur initiated the dramatic bigamy suit after Noguerol began concluding his affairs in Peru and had sent a substantial amount of money to be invested in Spain, thereby alerting her and her relatives to his present prosperity.The suit was first litigated before the Council of the Indies prior to Noguerol's arrival in Spain. When he returned, he went to the ecclesiastical court to have his first marriage annulled. The suits and countersuits lasted several years and included a long period in which Noguerol was imprisoned and not permitted to live with his second wife. The Council of the Indies finally ruled in favor of Dona Beatriz, declaring Noguerol a bigamist. He was fined and exiled f rom several Spanish cities for several years, but he was not ordered to return to his first wife.During that time, records such as administrative documents, the proceedings of the judiciary, and the minutes of both Andean and Spanish cabildos (town councils)–were also useful, especially when analyzed document by document specifically to compare Andean and Spanish views. Punishments for bigamy could be as heavy and could even cost the life of the offender. One person, Don Juan, cacique of Collique, offered buried treasure to the Spanish official who wanted him hanged for bigamy. He successfully tricked the Spanish, at least for a short while, by sending another woman in the place of his favorite mistress to the home of a good Christian woman for religious instruction (Ramirez, 1996).During the two and a half centuries in which the Peruvian Inquisition functioned (from 1570 to 1820), some forty autos da fà © were held. In these ceremonies, the maximum punishments — â₠¬Å"relajacià ³n† (delivery to secular authorities) or death — were enforced as was forced reconciliation with the Catholic Church. Of the three thousand persons probably tried during the entire history of the Lima tribunal, only 48 were condemned. to burn at the stake.The classic and always useful Historia del tribunal de la Inquisicià ³n de Lima first published by Josà © Toribio Medina in 1887 contains a statistical summary of crimes listed most often in the Inquisition records. Heading the list is bigamy (20 percent of the cases); practicing the Jewish faith (17 percent); witchcraft (12 percent); heresy (10 percent); and solicitation by clergymen (7 percent) (see Medina 1956, 2:406-7). The leading position of bigamy can be explained by the great distance, the lengthy separations, and the difficulties in communicating that made the New World a likely setting for the proliferation of marital ties (Hampe-Martinez, 1996).Paulino Castaà ±eda Delgado and Pilar Hernà ¡n dez Aparicio (1985) explored the development of bigamy trials over the two and a half centuries of the Lima tribunal. They pointed out considerations of a canonical nature in the treatment of marriage and polygamy by the Catholic Church, above all during the Counter-Reformation.These authors demonstrated that double marriages were more common in the Indies than in Spain, a phenomenon readily explained by the distance, lengthy stays, and difficulty in communicating from the New World. Like the witchcraft trials, the number of bigamy cases increased progressively in the jurisdiction of the Lima Inquisition. Between 1700 and 1820, these two misdeeds represented almost half of all cases tried.In Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance, Doà ±a Catalina, who is the second wife, sought the needed favorable ecclesiastical ruling for Francisco. Thus, the couple appealed to the Papacy and they were endowed a Papal brief. The Pope and the Salamanca apostolic judge ruled in favor of Noguerol and Don a Catalina, returning them to married life together. Regarding marriage, Church law was more powerful than civil law.The authors found documentation for money sent much later to a member of the Roman curia, which suggests that the favorable Papal brief may have been influenced by a venal under ­ling. When Francisco Noguerol died, Doà ±a Beatriz again sued Doà ±a Catalina for the return of her dowry and half the joint earnings. The ecclesiastical court reversed their judgment and ruled in her favor. Rather than continue the litigation that might endanger her grandson's inheritance, Dona Catalina offered to settle out of court and paid Dona Beatriz an amount much larger than the original dowry.In the book, the legal position of women in Spanish colonial society had been featured. These were established by codes written in the thirteenth century (the Siete Partidas ) and the early sixteenth century (the Leyes de Toro ) and was reinforced by a corporate view of society that equated the authority of the paterfamilias in the nuclear family with that of the king in the monarchical state. In the public sphere, women could not vote, become lawyers or judges, or hold public office (Arrom, 1985).Married women needed the permission of their husbands to engage in many transactions, including buying or disposing of property, lending or borrowing money, and forming business partnerships. In terms of inheritance under Spanish law, daughters and sons inherited equal shares of their parents' property, and a widow generally received half of the couple's community property on the death of her husband. Any dowry a woman brought to a marriage legally reverted to her when her husband died or if the marriage was legally dissolved. Until that time, however, the husband could administer the dowry and could keep any interest that it earned (Zulawski, 1990).In Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance, we could draw out the rule before that in the matter of guardianship of their own children , women's rights were limited. Only the father could give consent for a child to marry, and a widow became her own child's legal guardian only if her husband had not named anyone else in his will.  For their work, Cook and Cook have woven a commendable picture of marriage, relationships, litigation and the status of women in 16th century Spain and Peru. Packing it with lots of historical accounts and careful presentation of arguments, we could visualize both sides of the story as seen in the documents themselves and resisting the temptation to speculate without convincing evidence. However, there have been parts that felt short. Like the analysis of the Papal brief that countered the ruling of the Council of the Indies when they favored Noguerol. But, all in all, the work is commendable because the unexpected decision make the readers forget that we are reading historical accounts, which are usually boring. The writing style is exciting as it definitely intrigues it its readers to finish the story till the end.Works CitedArrom, S.A. The Women of Mexico City, 1790-1857, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press 1985, p. 77.Castaà ±eda, P.H. and Aparicio, P.H. The crimes of bigamy in the Inquisition of Lima, Missionalia Hispanica, Madrid, vol.   42, no. 24174, 1985.Cook, A. P. and Cook, N.D. Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance: A Case of Transatlantic Bigamy. Duke University Press, 1991Hampe-Martinez, T.   Recent Works on the Inquisition and Peruvian Colonial Society, 1570-1820, Latin American Research Review, vol. 31, 1996Ramà ­rez, S.E. The World Upside down: Cross-Cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Peru, Stanford University, 1996 Zulawski, A. Social Differentiation, Gender, and Ethnicity: Urban Indian Women in Colonial Bolivia, 1640-1725, Latin American Research Review, vol. 25, no. 2, 1990 Colonial Peru: History Takes a Dramatic Turn It is hard to realize that historical accounts such as these could be so intriguing and actually reeks of scandals that could match any modern day soap opera could muster on television. The relationships, marriage, litigation and the drama are intensely strewn as each turn of events heat up.   Noting old court records and letters narrating the life of Francisco Noguerol de Ulloa, we become witnesses to his unwitting marriage to two women transformed into the main plot of Alexandra and Noble Cook’s book Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance (1991).In the novel type historical account, the story begins as Noguerol receives a letter one day from his two sisters, who are nuns in a Benedictine convent.Doà ±a Ynà ©s and Doà ±a Ynà ©sa Francisca, nuns in the Benedictine convent of San Pedro de las Dueà ±as, had corresponded occasionally with their brother who resided in Peru. But the mail was slow and undependable. This time they wrote to tell Francisco that his wife, Doà ±a Beat riz de Villasur, had died, and to reprimand him for neglecting his own family. They desired, above all else, his return (p. 7).Apparently, his two sisters schemed to convince their brother to go back home, telling him that his wife, Doà ±a Beatriz de Villasur had died. Rather than going home, Noguerol took a new wife, Doà ±a Catalina de Vergara, in a grand ceremony â€Å"among knights and people of much authority and quality.† But when the happy couple did return to Spain, they were greeted with a royal litigation: not only was Noguerol's first wife was still alive, King Philip II wanted him arrested for bigamy. This sparked the beginning of a complicated legal drama in the 16th century Latin America that trailed all the way to the Vatican, where Pope Paul IV decreed that Noguerol could keep his second wife. As the story unfolds, the readers are treated to a dose of bickering lawyers and sexual intrigue–including a lengthy debate over whether Noguerol first had †Å"carnal intercourse† with first wife or second wife.We could draw out from the book about colonial Peru’s adherence to marriage customs, such as the endowment of dowry by the wife’s family. Francisco Noguerol's first marriage demonstrates the importance of the dowry and is an example of the â€Å"arranged marriage† that was rampant during those times. In the story, we have learned that as a young man in Spain, Noguerol agreed in a marriage arranged by his mother against his will. To wit:The marriage between Francisco and Beatriz had been arranged by their families. It was a business transaction between a wealthy merchant and less affluent gentry, where personal wishes of the young people about to be linked were not considered relevant. Doà ±a Costanza, a widow of only four years, settled a modest annuity on the young couple, but her son's allure lay in his status. The Noguerols descended from a notable family in Galicia and could clearly be categorized a s hidalgos. Cristà ³val de Santander was a merchant who could afford to endow his daughter with an enticing sum in order to attract a husband with a higher social standing.The parents had negotiated a mutually satisfying deal, and their children could only dutifully accept the terms. Francisco had protested; Beatriz had remained silent. They were betrothed, and the reluctant groom sweetened his fate with the delectable dowry. On 21 December 1530 Francisco Noguerol de Ulloa, who must have been about twenty years old, acknowledged to have received from â€Å"Cristà ³val de Santander my father-in-law† 30,000 maravedis â€Å"for the dowry and marriage that you have promised me, and that you have agreed to give with Doà ±a Beatriz de Villasur, your daughter and my spouse.† On 29 January 1532 Francisco accepted another â€Å"1,000 reales of silver that are worth 34,000 maravedis, that I receive as partial payment of the dowry,† (p. 43).After receiving a substantial dowry, Noguerol left for America, where he played a role in the Peruvian civil war and amassed a good-sized fortune. Noguerol's second marriage was by his own choice and especially his wife's choice, but it further demonstrates the importance of property for marriage. In his second marriage, Francisco received another large sum of money:Doà ±a Catalina de Vergara had agreed to marry Francisco Noguerol with the condition that he would take her back to Spain and even extracted an oath to that effect from her suitor. On the fifth day of October of 1549, the groom signed a receipt for all the goods Doà ±a Catalina was bringing as dowry, worth some 3,105,000 maravedis (p. 25).Before he was slapped with a bigamy suit, Noguerol did not know that his first wife is still alive. He married again in Peru several years after he received letters from his two sisters, who were nuns in Spain. They erroneously informed him that his first wife had died. Though neither spouse was in any way coerce d into this marriage, both were careful to choose a marriage partner with sufficient property to constitute an excellent match. But, it turns out the wives were the ones who gave large sums of money to the man they chose to marry.As soon as she learned that her husband had remarried. Dona Beatriz de Villasur initiated the dramatic bigamy suit after Noguerol began concluding his affairs in Peru and had sent a substantial amount of money to be invested in Spain, thereby alerting her and her relatives to his present prosperity. The suit was first litigated before the Council of the Indies prior to Noguerol's arrival in Spain. When he returned, he went to the ecclesiastical court to have his first marriage annulled. The suits and countersuits lasted several years and included a long period in which Noguerol was imprisoned and not permitted to live with his second wife. The Council of the Indies finally ruled in favor of Dona Beatriz, declaring Noguerol a bigamist. He was fined and exile d from several Spanish cities for several years, but he was not ordered to return to his first wife.During that time, records such as administrative documents, the proceedings of the judiciary, and the minutes of both Andean and Spanish cabildos (town councils)–were also useful, especially when analyzed document by document specifically to compare Andean and Spanish views. Punishments for bigamy could be as heavy and could even cost the life of the offender. One person, Don Juan, cacique of Collique, offered buried treasure to the Spanish official who wanted him hanged for bigamy. He successfully tricked the Spanish, at least for a short while, by sending another woman in the place of his favorite mistress to the home of a good Christian woman for religious instruction (Ramirez, 1996).During the two and a half centuries in which the Peruvian Inquisition functioned (from 1570 to 1820), some forty autos da fà © were held. In these ceremonies, the maximum punishments — à ¢â‚¬Å"relajacià ³n† (delivery to secular authorities) or death — were enforced as was forced reconciliation with the Catholic Church. Of the three thousand persons probably tried during the entire history of the Lima tribunal, only 48 were condemned. to burn at the stake.The classic and always useful Historia del tribunal de la Inquisicià ³n de Lima first published by Josà © Toribio Medina in 1887 contains a statistical summary of crimes listed most often in the Inquisition records. Heading the list is bigamy (20 percent of the cases); practicing the Jewish faith (17 percent); witchcraft (12 percent); heresy (10 percent); and solicitation by clergymen (7 percent) (see Medina 1956, 2:406-7). The leading position of bigamy can be explained by the great distance, the lengthy separations, and the difficulties in communicating that made the New World a likely setting for the proliferation of marital ties (Hampe-Martinez, 1996).Paulino Castaà ±eda Delgado and Pilar Hernà ¡ndez Aparicio (1985) explored the development of bigamy trials over the two and a half centuries of the Lima tribunal. They pointed out considerations of a canonical nature in the treatment of marriage and polygamy by the Catholic Church, above all during the Counter-Reformation. These authors demonstrated that double marriages were more common in the Indies than in Spain, a phenomenon readily explained by the distance, lengthy stays, and difficulty in communicating from the New World. Like the witchcraft trials, the number of bigamy cases increased progressively in the jurisdiction of the Lima Inquisition. Between 1700 and 1820, these two misdeeds represented almost half of all cases tried.In Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance, Doà ±a Catalina, who is the second wife, sought the needed favorable ecclesiastical ruling for Francisco. Thus, the couple appealed to the Papacy and they were endowed a Papal brief. The Pope and the Salamanca apostolic judge ruled in favor of Noguerol and Dona Catalina, returning them to married life together. Regarding marriage, Church law was more powerful than civil law.The authors found documentation for money sent much later to a member of the Roman curia, which suggests that the favorable Papal brief may have been influenced by a venal under ­ling. When Francisco Noguerol died, Doà ±a Beatriz again sued Doà ±a Catalina for the return of her dowry and half the joint earnings. The ecclesiastical court reversed their judgment and ruled in her favor. Rather than continue the litigation that might endanger her grandson's inheritance, Dona Catalina offered to settle out of court and paid Dona Beatriz an amount much larger than the original dowry.In the book, the legal position of women in Spanish colonial society had been featured. These were established by codes written in the thirteenth century (the Siete Partidas ) and the early sixteenth century (the Leyes de Toro ) and was reinforced by a corporate view of society that equa ted the authority of the paterfamilias in the nuclear family with that of the king in the monarchical state. In the public sphere, women could not vote, become lawyers or judges, or hold public office (Arrom, 1985).Married women needed the permission of their husbands to engage in many transactions, including buying or disposing of property, lending or borrowing money, and forming business partnerships. In terms of inheritance under Spanish law, daughters and sons inherited equal shares of their parents' property, and a widow generally received half of the couple's community property on the death of her husband. Any dowry a woman brought to a marriage legally reverted to her when her husband died or if the marriage was legally dissolved. Until that time, however, the husband could administer the dowry and could keep any interest that it earned (Zulawski, 1990).In Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance, we could draw out the rule before that in the matter of guardianship of their own chil dren, women's rights were limited. Only the father could give consent for a child to marry, and a widow became her own child's legal guardian only if her husband had not named anyone else in his will.  For their work, Cook and Cook have woven a commendable picture of marriage, relationships, litigation and the status of women in 16th century Spain and Peru. Packing it with lots of historical accounts and careful presentation of arguments, we could visualize both sides of the story as seen in the documents themselves and resisting the temptation to speculate without convincing evidence. However, there have been parts that felt short. Like the analysis of the Papal brief that countered the ruling of the Council of the Indies when they favored Noguerol. But, all in all, the work is commendable because the unexpected decision make the readers forget that we are reading historical accounts, which are usually boring. The writing style is exciting as it definitely intrigues it its reader s to finish the story till the end.Works CitedArrom, S.A. The Women of Mexico City, 1790-1857, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press 1985, p. 77.Castaà ±eda, P.H. and Aparicio, P.H. The crimes of bigamy in the Inquisition of Lima, Missionalia Hispanica, Madrid, vol.   42, no. 24174, 1985.Cook, A. P. and Cook, N.D. Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance: A Case of Transatlantic Bigamy. Duke University Press, 1991Hampe-Martinez, T.   Recent Works on the Inquisition and Peruvian Colonial Society, 1570-1820, Latin American Research Review, vol. 31, 1996Ramà ­rez, S.E. The World Upside down: Cross-Cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Peru, Stanford University, 1996 Zulawski, A. Social Differentiation, Gender, and Ethnicity: Urban Indian Women in Colonial

The Unrecognized Dimensions of Nora Essay - 1512 Words

In Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll House, Ibsen tells a story of a wife and mother who not only has been wronged by society, but by her beloved father and husband because of her gender. Nora left her father’s house as a naà ¯ve daughter only to be passed to the hands of her husband forcing her to be naà ¯ve wife and mother, or so her husband thinks. When Nora’s husband, Torvald becomes deathly ill, she takes matters into her own hands and illegally is granted a loan that will give her the means to save her husband’s life. Her well guarded secret is later is used against her, to exort Torvald, who was clueless that his wife was or could be anything more than he made her. However, Nora has many unrecognized dimensions â€Å"Besides being lovable, Nora is†¦show more content†¦Their relationship is better related to a parent child relationship not a husband and wife relationship. As the play develops Nora becomes exposed for her true self, and not her r eputation given to her by the dominate males in her life. In an attempt to achieve total dependence on Torvald, he chastises Nora about spending money on gifts for the up in coming Christmas holiday. As his personal standard operating procedure he tortures his wife about money until she begs him to take a temporary loan until his promotion is fully instated so that she may continue to shop. Torvald uses this opportunity to further chastise her about being a woman and that she could never possibly understand the facts about currency (Ibsen 800). Her appà ©tit for an unlimited bank account makes it easy to force Nora to be dominated. By the end of his speech, Nora is able to persuade a little extra spending money, making him feel superior to her, and her feeling that she can charm anything for her own gain. Although, Nora allows her husband to dominate her, she is a completely different person when she is around other people. This dominance is extended to her personal friend, Kristine (Ibsen 804). Nora subjects Kristine to answer embarrassing questions regarding her sudden turn of bad luck. When Nora uses her picturesque life as rebuttal