Controversial American Literature, J.D. Salinger’s Catcher...

One of the most controversial American Literature books, J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, went into full turbulence and had all the attention of critics everywhere during its release in 1951. Holden Caulfield, a New York City teenager in the 1950’s with manic-depression is the protagonist, is a protagonist unlike any other in coming-of-age novels. What most critics don’t realize is that his actions are exactly those of a depressed teenager would endure: being an immature compulsive liar who is manic-depressive. The over-saturation from technology into the 21st century does not separate the direct similarities of teens today and those twenty to thirty years ago. Today’s teenagers being â€Å"less complex,† â€Å"confused,† â€Å"anxiety ridden,† or any†¦show more content†¦Holden lives between adolescence and adulthood. His red hunting cap is symbolic of his identity - something most teenages struggle to find. As strange as his hunting cap being represented as his identity, as Holden is strange himself, it’s his comfort blanket, as if he’s truly â€Å"hunting† for his identity. Even today, teenagers struggle to find their â€Å"true selves† and even through their early adult years yet to discover their identity. There are still so many unanswered questions, some that teenagers don’t get answers to until a much older age. One obvious question for most is sex, a complex and complicated topic of discussion. Holden is a virgin throughout the book, interested, but spends most of the novel trying to lose it. He felt very strongly that this is something that should happen between those who felt deeply respected and cared by their partner but gets really upset when he sees that it can be a casual act. He doesn’t even get jealous that his roommate had gone on a date with someone he knew very well, but it makes him furious thinking a girl he knew was with a boy casually in such ways. He gets upset with himself when he is aroused by other women he didn’t respect or care for and is disturbed by acts he refers to as â€Å"crumby,† although admittedly said that it’s fun. He wants to hold on to his virginityShow MoreRelatedHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throu ghout Time In 1951, J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye was #1 on the New York Time’s bestseller list. Since then, the American Literary Association claims The Catcher in the Rye is a â€Å"favorite of censors.† The use of harsh language and profanity has been a long time debate of educators causing the novel to be pulled off bookshelves and propelling J.D. Salinger and his protagonist, Holden Caulfield, into reluctant fame. TheRead MoreJ.D. Salinger is Holden Caulfield1666 Words   |  7 Pagesof the more influential twentieth century American writers.† states Biography.com, â€Å"His landmark novel, Catcher in the Rye, set a new course for literature in post World War II America.† The Catcher in the Rye told a story of Holden Caulfield and his struggle to find something pure in a world filled with â€Å"phonies† (Biography). It is arguable that some of Holden’s experiences could be comparitively autobiographical to Salinger’s real life. Much like J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield is a reservedRead MoreSummary Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye And Franny And Zooey 1966 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican writer’s haven’t only impacted this country, but the world as a whole. Specifically, J.D. Salinger. He is a well-known author who has wrote many influential books such as The Catcher in the Rye and Franny and Zooey. Salinger’s childhood, education, significant people, major influences,and historical events have all had an impact on how he became the face of a literary movement as well as his contributions to the art of American Literature. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919Read More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden - The Misfit Hero2101 Words   |  9 PagesThe Misfit Hero of The Catcher In The Rye      Ã‚     The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger was published in 1951. A recurring theme in J.D. Salingers stories concerns people who dont fit in with the traditional American Culture. Salingers misfit heroes, unlike the rest of society, are caught in the struggle between a superficial world and a conscious morality (1 Wildermuth). In his attempt to create a new and realistic portrayal of the times, Salinger first, effectively creates Holden CaulfieldRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Abstract Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pages1 October 2012 Novel Abstract: Catcher in the Rye Novel Title and Author: Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Author’s Background: J.D. Salinger was born on January 1, 1919, in New York City, New York. Jerome David Salinger was born to Sol Salinger and his wife Miriam (J.D. Salinger). Though he was a bright young man, when he attended McBurney School, he ended up flunking out and was soon after sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania (J.D. Salinger). After graduating ValleyRead MoreSimilarities Between Salinger And Harper Lee s The Rye 1987 Words   |  8 Pagesknew. It’s quite evident that in the novels Catcher in the Rye and To Kill a Mockingbird there are striking similarities between these novels and their respective authors’ own lives. It could be said, that these authors simply used their own experiences as inspiration to their novels. However, when taken into consideration that protagonists own conflicts are indistinguishable between their own author s personal struggles. It is feasible in stating that J.D. Salinger and Harper Lee based t heir novelRead MoreThe Story of J.D. Salinger2489 Words   |  10 PagesThe Story of J. D. Salinger J. D. Salinger became one of the most popular and known American authors in America today. Up to this day students from all over the country have read and purchased the novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† which was a novel that was not so long ago controversial due to vulgar language, sexual references, and unacceptable behavior; parents were concerned that J. D. Salinger’s novel was going to influence their children. Salinger was one of many authors that stood out moreRead MoreThe Revolutionary Novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain1533 Words   |  6 Pagesis one of the most controversial pieces of American literature; loved by many but detested as well. It is arguably one of the most important bildungsroman, and one of the first modern pieces of literature. The novel addresses issues such as slavery, racism, religion, and social consciousness, in a way that no one could write about it, except Mark Twain. Not only does it address these issues, it a lso satirizes them, which is what makes Twain’s writing so unique. The literature style of writing isRead More Censorship in Public Schools Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesEducation, Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26, which was the first school library censorship case to reach the Supreme Court (Jones 35). In March 1976, the Island Trees School Board in New York removed eleven books that they deemed quot;anti-American, anti-Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthyquot; (Berger 59) from the high school library shelves. Among these books were Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut, A Hero Aint Nothing but a Sandwich by Alice Childress, and Soul on Ice by EldridgeRead MoreEssay about From Innocence to Adulthood in The Catcher in the Rye2367 Words   |  10 PagesFrom Innocence to Adulthood in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚   Adolescence is a time of existence in two worlds. One world having the desire to be in the adult world, which is filled with all the unknown wonders of the world. The other world is the world of childhood which is comfortable and protected from all the impurities in the world.   This sort of tug of war between the two worlds is not only mentally imposed on a being, but physically, socially, and morally as well

Women in Mathematics Free Essays

Women in Mathematics Every human is created with a gift of some sort. Whether it is an athletic ability, a wonderful singing voice, or an ability to relate to other individuals, every one has a special gifting. For many women in history, their ability was deciphering and understanding the intricacies of math. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Mathematics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although various cultures discouraged women mathematicians, these women were able to re-define the standards for women in this field of study. Hypatia of Alexandria was born in Roman Egypt and was the daughter of a teacher of mathematics, Theon of Alexandria. Hypatia studied with her father as well as with many other mathematicians. When she was older, she taught at the Neoplatonist school of philosophy. She wrote on mathematics, philosophy, as well as anatomy. Her studies covered the motion of the planets, conic sections, and number theory, which is â€Å"one of the oldest branches of pure mathematics, and one of the largest. It concerns questions about numbers, typically meaning whole numbers as well as rational numbers. Although little information about Hypatia survives, it has been discovered that she was a very popular lecturer that drew students from various locations. She is known for her invention of the plane astrolabe, which is an elaborate inclinometer with the ability to locate and predict the locations of the sun, moon, planets, and stars and the graduated brass hydrometer which was used to determine the relative density or specific gravity of liquids. Hypatia’s teachings were not accepted by the Christian bishop, Cyril due to her pagan beliefs. His public dislike towards her is said to have been the cause of the attack by a mob that lead to her death. Most of her work was destroyed when the library of Alexandria was burned by the Arab conquerors, however, her studies have been discovered through the work of others who quoted her as well as through letters. I believe Hypatia was one of the first inspirational women mathematicians. Despite the danger she knew she was facing, she chose to do what she enjoyed. Elena Cornaro Piscopia was born in 1646 in Venice into the family of a public official. Her father provided the means of education to his children. Elena was recognized as a child prodigy when she was seven years old by a parish priest. She then began to study theology, mathematics, Latin, Greek, and music. Clerics, royals, and scientists came to Venice to speak with her due to the widespread attraction of her achievements. As she grew older, Elena was the first woman to apply in theology at a university in Italy. She was also the first woman to earn a doctoral degree. After receiving her master’s and doctorate degrees in philosophy, she went on to become a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Padua until her death in 1684. Although she is not famous for discovering any particular math problem, she was very influential in her time and inspired many other women to pursue mathematics. Maria Agnesi was born in Italy in 1718 and was the daughter of Pietro Agnesi, a wealthy nobleman and professor of mathematics. Maria, like Elena, was recognized as a child prodigy and was taught five languages. Her father invited his colleagues over for Maria to present speeches to. By the age of 13 Maria was able to debate in French, Spanish, and Latin. Although Maria did not enjoy giving the speeches, she continued until the age of twenty. That year, Maria made a compilation of the speeches she had given over the years and published them in Latin. The title of the compilations in English is â€Å"Philosophical Propositions. † The topics included celestial mechanics, which refers to the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of celestial objects and applies to the field of physics, Isaac Newton’s Gravitation Theory that states that any two objects in the universe exert gravitational attraction on each other, and elasticity. Maria’s father married twice after the death of her mother, causing her to be the eldest of 21 children. She was required to provide education to her siblings. Maria wrote a mathematics textbook over the course of ten years which was titled† Instituzioni Analitiche† which was published in 1748 in two volumes. The first volume contained information on algebra, arithmetic, trigonometry, analytic geometry, and calculus. The second covered infinite series and differential equations. Due to her ability to understand many languages, Maria was able to bring together various ideas from mathematicians of all cultures. The name â€Å"witch of Agnesi† refers to a mathematical problem of finding the equation for a certain bell-shaped curve which was named after her by English mathematician John Colson. When Maria’s father passed in 1752, Maria discontinued the education she had been providing to her siblings and devoted her life to helping the less fortunate. I found Maria’s story to be very admirable due to the extreme selflessness she possessed. Although she desired to further her mathematical studies, she spent a large portion of her life educating her younger siblings, and spent the remaining time devoted to the poor. Sophie Germain was born in France in 1776 and was the daughter of Ambroise-Francois Germain, who was a wealthy middle class silk merchant and a French politician. During Sophie’s childhood, the French Revolution was occurring, so Sophie was kept isolated from the chaos by staying in her home with her two sisters. She chose to pass the time by reading through the books in her father’s extended library. Sophie was particularly fond of the story of Archimedes of Syracuse who was killed while reading geometry. To see a man so captivated by a subject influenced her to pursue math. Sophie taught mathematics to herself in her native language as well as in Latin and Greek so as to be able to gain understanding from a wider range of mathematic books. Her family was not particularly fond of her studying, but she was so enthralled by mathematics that she studied at night until her family accepted what she loved. In eighteenth century France, women were not normally accepted into universities, however, Sophie was able to borrow the notes from mathematic professors and was able to send comments about the work to the professors by hiding behind the pseudonym of a male, â€Å"M. e Blanc. † Sophie Germain studied number theory and Chladni figures, which is a technique that shows the various modes of vibration of a rigid surface. Her study of these figures was the foundation to the mathematics used today when constructing skyscrapers. Her study of number theory lead to partial progress on Fermat’s Last Theorem, which states that if x, y, z, and n are integer s then xn + yn = zn cannot be solved for any n greater than 2. Sophie was able to show that for prime exponents less than 100, there could be no solutions relatively prime to the exponent of that number. After this work, she was accepted into sessions at the Institut de France and became the first woman with this privilege. She died in 1831 of breast cancer. I believe Sophie is inspirational due to her extreme intelligence by finding an addition to Fermat’s two-century’s old theorem. Had she not been diligent in pursuing mathematics although it was inconvenient, she would have never been presented the opportunity to impart such knowledge into history. Sonya Kovalevskaya was drawn to mathematics in a rather peculiar way. As a young child, born in 1850 in Russia, Sonya was mesmerized by the lecture notes of Mikhail Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus that made up the wallpaper of her family’s estate. Sonya’s father did not allow her to study mathematics abroad, and Russia did not allow women to attend the universities, thus Sonya was forced to find an alternative means of furthering her education. She entered into a marriage of convenience with Vladimir Kovalensky, and left Russia with him and her sister. Sonya went on to Heidelberg where she was granted permission to study at the university. Two years later, she went on to study mathematics with Karl Weierstrass who assisted her in pursuing a degree in mathematics. Sonya’s dissertation on partial differential equations, which refers to an equation that contains unknown multivariable functions and their partial derivatives, resulted in receiving a doctorate without having attended any class at the university and is today called the Cauch-Kovelevskaya Theorem. Sonya was also awarded with the Prix Bordin from the French Academie Royale des Sciences for her research over how Saturn’s rings rotated, now referred to as the Kovelevskaya top. She also was appointed to a chair at the Swedish Academy of Sciences- making her the first woman to receive this title. I believe her story is especially inspirational due to her ground-breaking achievements including titles and positions that had never been awarded to women before. All of these women pioneers of mathematics teach a very valuable lesson. The culture during the time of these five particular women did not accept the studies that these mathematicians longed to be educated in. Their extreme ability, or gifting, of solving problems and assembling theorems was not only widely unaccepted, it was also widely unappreciated. Even after the accomplishments of these women, their work is often undermined. In the midst of opposing forces telling them they should not, or even could not go into the field of mathematics, they believed in their ability enough to pursue it whole-heartedly and in return, they have left a legacy and have inspired women to fight what is culturally accepted to follow what is in your heart, and the things for which you have a particular talent in. Citations Lewis, Jone J. â€Å"Women in Mathematics  History. † About. com Women’s History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. Lewis, Jone J. â€Å"Hypatia Of Alexandria. † About. com Women’s History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. â€Å"11: Number Theory. † 11: Number Theory. Ed. Dave Rusin. N. p. , 02 July 2006. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Swift, Amanda. â€Å"Sophie Germain. † Sophie Germain. N. p. , Apr. 1995. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Partial Differential Equation. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. How to cite Women in Mathematics, Essay examples

Ethics and Governance for Legislation- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Governance for Legislation. Answer: Use of Company Computers RecognizingtheMoralDimension In this case, the moral dilemma that is present is that Joseph as a security administrator at his job has been given the task to monitor his workmate's activities while they are online. He has to do this even though he knows that they did not sign any contracts that allowed them to be monitored by the company and what they are doing they have a right to do their work privately without being watched without permission. On the other hand, he has to monitor them so that they can ensure that people are spending time doing their assigned job duties at office hours them (Skeels and Grudin 2009, May). Whoarethe Interested Parties?whataretheir Relationships? In this case, the interested parties are Joseph the security administrators, the workers at his office, the boss and also the company. The company is expected to respect the privacy of the employees and also Joseph should perform his duties as he has been given a job and thus it is his duty (Kaplan and Haenlein 2009). What Valuesor Principlesare Involved? The values that have to be considered in resolving this dilemma is autonomy and trust in the employees (Skeels and Grudin 2009, May). Recommendations First, the company should draw up contracts for employees to sign that will allow them to monitor their activities while online during office hours. When they sign these contracts that have clearly spelt out what they are to do during office hours, they will know what is expected of them hence will not have qualms on being monitored as stated recognize the intellectual stuff of people(Acs.org.au, 2005). Also, clear penalties should be set for when these rules are broken by the workers. Thus the workers will know what is wrong and how they will be penalized for breaking a rule. When these rules are clear and shown to every employee they will have no excuse but to follow all the rules set by management (Australia.gov.au, 2012). Another one is that Joseph should inform the management of his reservation on monitoring his fellow employees without their consent so tha he will not be liable and also help the company to avoid any legal actions due to infringement of employee privacy inform stakeholders any possible clashes between your expert duties and legal or other recognized conditions(Acs.org.au, 2005). Weighthe Benefitsandthe Burdens When these courses of action are taken, it will ensure that employees are informed of what is expected of them. Hence, it will lead to an increase in levels of production because they are using their time well doing office work. Also, it will help the relations between Joseph and the other employees as they will now the companys expectations that they are being monitored hence making his work easier (Skeels and Grudin 2009, May). Lookfor Analogous Cases. Another similar case is where a network administrator was tasked with monitoring people's activities online, and he found an employee had accessed sites about health and medicine for their child. His dilemma was whether or not to report the worker, he did report them and the employee was only given a warning. It was different to this case as the employees had signed contracts about being monitored (Kaplan and Haenlein 2009). Discusswith Relevant Others. According to discussions held on this dilemma I came to the decision that Joseph should go on with the task that he has been assigned as this is his job description. However, he should first suggest to the company that they formulate contracts that will inform the employees of their intention to monitor them. Doesthisdecisionaccordwithlegalandorganizationalrules. Some of the ACS code of ethics relevanthere honesty, competence, and professional development (Acs.org.au, 2005). Also, some of the professional code of ethics for this case are; recognize the intellectual stuff of people (Acs.org.au, 2005). inform stakeholders any possible clashes between your expert duties and legal or other recognized conditions (Acs.org.au, 2005). defend and endorse the well-being and security of individuals touched by your job (Acs.org.au, 2005). differentiate between your job and own views and guidance (Acs.org.au, 2005). counsel your company when you consider a planned venture, service or product does not suit them (Acs.org.au, 2005). and the law that is associated with this case is the privacy act 1988 (Australia.gov.au, 2012). Amicomfortablewiththisdecision? I am comfortable with making this decision as I am sure it will be in the best interest of the parties involved. I would be pleased to tell people that this is the decision that I made as it is the best decision possible. People may follow my example as I know I made the decision without discrimination and I believe I took all factors into consideration. Thus I am sure I can live with it. References Acs.org.au. (2005). ACS - The Professional Association for Australia's ICT sector. [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/ [Accessed 4 Jun. 2017]. Australia.gov.au. (2012). Legislation | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/public-safety-and-law/legislation [Accessed 4 Jun. 2017]. Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M., 2009. The fairyland of Second Life: Virtual social worlds and how to use them.Business horizons,52(6), pp.563-572. Skeels, M.M. and Grudin, J., 2009, May. When social networks cross boundaries: a case study of workplace use of facebook and linkedin. InProceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work(pp. 95-104). ACM.